Beef Cattle Live Animal Weights - Revision history

Aashish: /* Birth weight */

2024-08-09T16:37:49Z

Birth weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 9 August 2024
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	==Birth weight==
			==== Birth weight ====
	When weighing cattle several aspects must be considered. Birth weights are typically recorded on suspension scales. It is imperative that the calf is completely off the ground and is not obstructed in any way. It is best if the scale is mounted on a stand so that an accurate measure can be recorded. For weighing cattle on platform or suspension scales it is necessary that the scales are checked regularly for obstructions and that they are cleaned and balanced frequently.		When weighing cattle several aspects must be considered. Birth weights are typically recorded on suspension scales. It is imperative that the calf is completely off the ground and is not obstructed in any way. It is best if the scale is mounted on a stand so that an accurate measure can be recorded. For weighing cattle on platform or suspension scales it is necessary that the scales are checked regularly for obstructions and that they are cleaned and balanced frequently.

	Birth weight is the major contributor to dystocia in cattle. Therefore, collecting and analysing birth weight information is useful for many beef breeding programs. Birth weights should be collected within 48 hours of birth. Data that should be collected at birth include: Dam ID; Calf ID; birth date; birth weight; date of weighing and calving ease score. The calf should be dry and should be allowed to nurse the cow.		Birth weight is the major contributor to dystocia in cattle. Therefore, collecting and analysing birth weight information is useful for many beef breeding programs. Birth weights should be collected within 48 hours of birth. Data that should be collected at birth include: Dam ID; Calf ID; birth date; birth weight; date of weighing and calving ease score. The calf should be dry and should be allowed to nurse the cow.

	==Weaning weight==		==== Weaning weight ====

	Weaning weights are important to beef producers for several reasons. Weaning weights are an indication of the productivity of the dam and the genetic potential of the calf for pre-weaning growth. Weaning weights serve as the initial weight for determining post-weaning growth. Additionally, many producers market their calves at weaning based on the calves’ weights; therefore, weaning weights can have a significant influence on farm income. Genetic evaluations account for the environmental contribution to weaning weight and separate maternal and growth genetic components. Weaning weights should be collected at the time the calf is weaned. All calves in the contemporary group should be weighed at the same time. The age of the calf at this time may vary depending on the country of origin. For correct adjustment purposes the average age of the calves should be as close as possible to the age adjustment standard for that country or accepted management system. For example, the weaning adjustment age in the United States is 205 days of age, therefore, it is recommended that weaning weights should be taken when the average age of the calves is close to 205 days. If weights are taken at ages considerably different from this age the adjusted weights will not be as accurate.		Weaning weights are important to beef producers for several reasons. Weaning weights are an indication of the productivity of the dam and the genetic potential of the calf for pre-weaning growth. Weaning weights serve as the initial weight for determining post-weaning growth. Additionally, many producers market their calves at weaning based on the calves’ weights; therefore, weaning weights can have a significant influence on farm income. Genetic evaluations account for the environmental contribution to weaning weight and separate maternal and growth genetic components. Weaning weights should be collected at the time the calf is weaned. All calves in the contemporary group should be weighed at the same time. The age of the calf at this time may vary depending on the country of origin. For correct adjustment purposes the average age of the calves should be as close as possible to the age adjustment standard for that country or accepted management system. For example, the weaning adjustment age in the United States is 205 days of age, therefore, it is recommended that weaning weights should be taken when the average age of the calves is close to 205 days. If weights are taken at ages considerably different from this age the adjusted weights will not be as accurate.

	==Post-weaning growth==		==== Post-weaning growth ====

	Weaning weights typically serve as the initial weight and yearling weights serve as the end-point for evaluating post-weaning growth. In situations where official weaning weights are collected prior to actual removal of the calf from the dam, the initial weight should be collected at the time of removal. Genetic evaluation of post-weaning growth may be reported different. This will either be reported as post-weaning growth or as yearling weight (which is typically the genetic value for weaning weight plus the genetic value for post-weaning growth). In either case the maternal component that influences the trait is accounted for so that the evaluation is on growth potential. Final weights for post weaning growth are traditionally taken as close to 365 days as possible. However, there are exceptions depending on country and management systems. For example, in the United States there are three accepted ages for yearling weights: 365 days; 452 days; and 550 days. Post-weaning weights should be collected when the average age of the calves is close to the appropriate age. All calves in the contemporary group should be weighed at the same time.		Weaning weights typically serve as the initial weight and yearling weights serve as the end-point for evaluating post-weaning growth. In situations where official weaning weights are collected prior to actual removal of the calf from the dam, the initial weight should be collected at the time of removal. Genetic evaluation of post-weaning growth may be reported different. This will either be reported as post-weaning growth or as yearling weight (which is typically the genetic value for weaning weight plus the genetic value for post-weaning growth). In either case the maternal component that influences the trait is accounted for so that the evaluation is on growth potential. Final weights for post weaning growth are traditionally taken as close to 365 days as possible. However, there are exceptions depending on country and management systems. For example, in the United States there are three accepted ages for yearling weights: 365 days; 452 days; and 550 days. Post-weaning weights should be collected when the average age of the calves is close to the appropriate age. All calves in the contemporary group should be weighed at the same time.

	==Finish weights==		==== Finish weights ====

	Collected live finish weights at time of harvest or slaughter is often used as the sale weight and is also critical to assessing dressing percentages. Determining the appropriate time to harvest animals and collect finished weights varies greatly depending on the country and expected utilization of the carcass. For genetic evaluation purposes these weights will be adjusted to a consistent end-point (i.e. age, fat thickness, etc.). Empty weights (no feed or water for minimum 12 hours) should be taken at time of harvest. A scale that measures in increments of 2 kg or 5 lb, or less, should be used for finished weights.		Collected live finish weights at time of harvest or slaughter is often used as the sale weight and is also critical to assessing dressing percentages. Determining the appropriate time to harvest animals and collect finished weights varies greatly depending on the country and expected utilization of the carcass. For genetic evaluation purposes these weights will be adjusted to a consistent end-point (i.e. age, fat thickness, etc.). Empty weights (no feed or water for minimum 12 hours) should be taken at time of harvest. A scale that measures in increments of 2 kg or 5 lb, or less, should be used for finished weights.

	==Test weights==		==== Test weights ====

	Initial and final test weights to compute growth rate may be either full or shrunk (empty) weights. If full weights are utilized, initial and final weights should be an average of weights taken on two consecutive days to minimize fill effects. Otherwise, a single weight after a 12-hour shrink (no feed or water) is adequate. Weights may be collected at various points during the test to ensure that appropriate gains are being achieved. A scale that measures in increments of 2 kg or 5 lb, or less, should be used for test weights.		Initial and final test weights to compute growth rate may be either full or shrunk (empty) weights. If full weights are utilized, initial and final weights should be an average of weights taken on two consecutive days to minimize fill effects. Otherwise, a single weight after a 12-hour shrink (no feed or water) is adequate. Weights may be collected at various points during the test to ensure that appropriate gains are being achieved. A scale that measures in increments of 2 kg or 5 lb, or less, should be used for test weights.

	==Chest girth circumference as a predictor of growth==		==== Chest girth circumference as a predictor of growth ====

	In certain beef cattle management systems, where live weight cannot be recorded directly, chest circumference of animals may be recorded as indicator trait for growth rate in beef performance recording.		In certain beef cattle management systems, where live weight cannot be recorded directly, chest circumference of animals may be recorded as indicator trait for growth rate in beef performance recording.

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	</ol>		</ol>

	==Adjusted growths and weights==		==== Adjusted growths and weights ====

	Weights are recorded as raw weights together with the weighing date. In order to make live weights comparable among animals of the same breed and sex, and to allow data and information exchanges among countries, it is common practice to express live weights adjusted to specific reference ages. For instance, live weight at 365 days of age of the animal (“yearling weight”) makes it possible to rank animals of same breed, sex or herd for their growth aptitude.		Weights are recorded as raw weights together with the weighing date. In order to make live weights comparable among animals of the same breed and sex, and to allow data and information exchanges among countries, it is common practice to express live weights adjusted to specific reference ages. For instance, live weight at 365 days of age of the animal (“yearling weight”) makes it possible to rank animals of same breed, sex or herd for their growth aptitude.

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	</ol>		</ol>

	==Recommendation for weight correction to standardized age==		==== Recommendation for weight correction to standardized age ====

	The usual method for calculating standard age weight is based on determining average daily gain between two weight recordings; then, assuming growth to be linear between the recordings, estimate live weight increase from the day of first recording and reference day and add it to weight on first recording. It is preferable that the age to which weight is being adjusted occurs between two successive recordings. If this is not possible, an extrapolation is possible if age at last recording falls within a specific time interval from the standard age. The time interval has to be determined by each recording organization based on recording frequencies.		The usual method for calculating standard age weight is based on determining average daily gain between two weight recordings; then, assuming growth to be linear between the recordings, estimate live weight increase from the day of first recording and reference day and add it to weight on first recording. It is preferable that the age to which weight is being adjusted occurs between two successive recordings. If this is not possible, an extrapolation is possible if age at last recording falls within a specific time interval from the standard age. The time interval has to be determined by each recording organization based on recording frequencies.

	===Calculation method===		===== Calculation method =====

	Different situations can occur:		Different situations can occur:

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	</ol>		</ol>

	==Recommendation for growth traits calculation==		==== Recommendation for growth traits calculation ====

	A number of weight gains definitions can be defined:		A number of weight gains definitions can be defined:

Bgolden at 13:43, 28 November 2023

2023-11-28T13:43:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 28 November 2023
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	The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.		The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.

	When weighing cattle several aspects must be considered. Birth weights are typically recorded on suspension scales. It is imperative that the calf is completely off the ground and is not obstructed in any way. It is best if the scale is mounted on a stand so that an accurate measure can be recorded. For weighing cattle on platform or suspension scales it is necessary that the scales are checked regularly for obstructions and that they are cleaned and balanced frequently.

	==Birth weight==		==Birth weight==
			When weighing cattle several aspects must be considered. Birth weights are typically recorded on suspension scales. It is imperative that the calf is completely off the ground and is not obstructed in any way. It is best if the scale is mounted on a stand so that an accurate measure can be recorded. For weighing cattle on platform or suspension scales it is necessary that the scales are checked regularly for obstructions and that they are cleaned and balanced frequently.

	Birth weight is the major contributor to dystocia in cattle. Therefore, collecting and analysing birth weight information is useful for many beef breeding programs. Birth weights should be collected within 48 hours of birth. Data that should be collected at birth include: Dam ID; Calf ID; birth date; birth weight; date of weighing and calving ease score. The calf should be dry and should be allowed to nurse the cow.		Birth weight is the major contributor to dystocia in cattle. Therefore, collecting and analysing birth weight information is useful for many beef breeding programs. Birth weights should be collected within 48 hours of birth. Data that should be collected at birth include: Dam ID; Calf ID; birth date; birth weight; date of weighing and calving ease score. The calf should be dry and should be allowed to nurse the cow.

Bgolden at 16:30, 25 September 2023

2023-09-25T16:30:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 25 September 2023
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	[[~~Category~~:3 Specific recommendations for data collection]]		[[Beef Cattle Recording: Specific recommendations for data collection]]
	The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.		The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.

Bgolden: Bgolden moved page 3.5. Live Animal Weights to Beef Cattle Live Animal Weights

2023-09-25T16:28:37Z

Bgolden moved page 3.5. Live Animal Weights to Beef Cattle Live Animal Weights

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:28, 25 September 2023
(No difference)

Bgolden: /* Recommendation for growth traits calculation */

2023-04-11T12:43:18Z

Recommendation for growth traits calculation

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 11 April 2023
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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	and is expressed in ~~kilograms~~ per day.		and is expressed in grams per day.


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	\frac{(W_{n-1}-W_n)\times1000}{A_{n-1} - A_n}		\frac{(W_{n-1}-W_n)\times1000}{A_{n-1} - A_n}
	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>and is expressed in grams per day.
	and is expressed in ~~kilograms~~ per day.

	</ol>		</ol>

Bgolden at 17:48, 10 April 2023

2023-04-10T17:48:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:48, 10 April 2023
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	[[Category:3 Specific recommendations for data collection]]		[[Category:3 Specific recommendations for data collection]]
	~~=3.5 Live animal weights=~~

	The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.		The collection of live animal weights is critical to the analysis of productivity in the beef herd. Typical weights collected by producers are birth, weaning and yearling weights. It is important that these weights are collected consistently to ensure an informative analysis. Animals are typically weighed using suspension scales or electronic load cells. It is important to ensure that the weighing equipment particularly mobile scales are suitably located on a level surface. Scales should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the recorded data. As a minimum, a scale that measures to an accuracy of 1kg/2lb should be used for birth weights and 2kg/5lb for later weights.

Bgolden: /* Recommendation for growth traits calculation */

2023-04-10T11:19:33Z

Recommendation for growth traits calculation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 10 April 2023
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	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
	and is expressed in ~~grams~~ per day.		and is expressed in kilograms per day.

	</ol>		</ol>

Bgolden: /* Calculation method */

2023-04-07T22:53:47Z

Calculation method

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 7 April 2023
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	<math>		<math>
	R_{W}=\frac{W_{t-2}-W_{t-1}}{A_{t-2}-A_{t-1}}\times(A_{t-1}-R_{A})-W_{t-1}		R_{W}=\frac{W_{t-2}-W_{t-1}}{A_{t-2}-A_{t-1}}\times(A_{t-1}-R_{A})+W_{t-1}
	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Bgolden: /* Calculation method */

2023-04-07T22:51:54Z

Calculation method

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:51, 7 April 2023
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	#let <math>A_t</math> be age of animal at recording date ( <math>=D_t-D_B</math>)		#let <math>A_t</math> be age of animal at recording date ( <math>=D_t-D_B</math>)
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
			<big>
	If		If
	<math>		<math>
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	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
			</big>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

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	*let <math>A_{t-2}</math> be age of animal at recording date 2 ( <math>= D_{t-2} - D_B</math>)		*let <math>A_{t-2}</math> be age of animal at recording date 2 ( <math>= D_{t-2} - D_B</math>)
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
			<big>
	If		If
	<math>		<math>
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	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
			</big>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>


	<!--		<!--

Bgolden: /* Calculation method */

2023-04-07T16:40:38Z

Calculation method

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 7 April 2023
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	<math>		<math>
	R_{W}=\frac{W_{t-2}-W_{t-1}}{A_{t-2}-A_{t-1}}\times(A_{t-1}-R_{A}\}-W_{t-1}		R_{W}=\frac{W_{t-2}-W_{t-1}}{A_{t-2}-A_{t-1}}\times(A_{t-1}-R_{A})-W_{t-1}
	</math>		</math>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>