Beef Cattle Ultrasound Measurements - Revision history

Aashish at 16:37, 9 August 2024

2024-08-09T16:37:32Z

Bgolden at 16:37, 25 September 2023

2023-09-25T16:37:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 25 September 2023
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	The application of ultrasound is highly technical and requires:		The application of ultrasound is highly technical and requires:
	~~<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">~~
	~~<li>~~ The use of sophisticated equipment.		# The use of sophisticated equipment.
	~~<li>~~ Strict adherence to proper equipment calibration.		# Strict adherence to proper equipment calibration.
	~~<li>~~ Proper animal preparation.		# Proper animal preparation.
	~~<li>~~ Adherence to a standard scanning protocol.		# Adherence to a standard scanning protocol.
	~~<li>~~ Adherence to a standard image interpretation protocol.		# Adherence to a standard image interpretation protocol.
	~~<li>~~ Suitable animal handling facilities.		# Suitable animal handling facilities.
	~~</ol>~~

	==Animals to be scanned==		==Animals to be scanned==
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	As ultrasound measurements are used to provide an insight into a number of carcass characteristics and to a limited extent into meat quality, the most valuable records will come from young animals undergoing selection for breeding and on which no direct carcass information can be collected. Yearling bulls and yearling heifers are the most obvious animals to scan. In many commercial production systems a progeny test through steers or bulls is also possible.		As ultrasound measurements are used to provide an insight into a number of carcass characteristics and to a limited extent into meat quality, the most valuable records will come from young animals undergoing selection for breeding and on which no direct carcass information can be collected. Yearling bulls and yearling heifers are the most obvious animals to scan. In many commercial production systems a progeny test through steers or bulls is also possible.

	In summary scanning can provide useful information for the estimation of carcass EBVs or EPDs using records from		In summary, scanning can provide useful information for the estimation of carcass EBVs or EPDs using records from
	~~<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">~~
	~~<li>~~ Yearling bulls.		# Yearling bulls.
	~~<li>~~ Yearling heifers.		# Yearling heifers.
	~~<li>~~ Groups of progeny fed for slaughter.		# Groups of progeny fed for slaughter.
	~~</ol>~~

	The most common age window for young breeding stock is between 320 to 500 days. It may vary depending on production system.		The most common age window for young breeding stock is between 320 to 500 days. It may vary depending on production system.
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	Recorded data should comprise as a minimum:		Recorded data should comprise as a minimum:
	~~<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">~~
	~~<li>~~ Identification of the operator.		# Identification of the operator.
	~~<li>~~ Type of scanner used.		# Type of scanner used.
	~~<li>~~ Scanning date.		# Scanning date.
	~~<li>~~ Farm/Herd identification.		# Farm/Herd identification.
	~~<li>~~ Animal number.		# Animal number.
	~~<li>~~ Trait definition.		# Trait definition.
	~~<li>~~ Actual recorded measurement.		# Actual recorded measurement.
	~~<li>~~ Unit of measurement.		# Unit of measurement.
	~~</ol>~~

	==Qualification of the operator==		==Qualification of the operator==
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	A number of different statistics should be calculated to show the proficiency of the scanner.		A number of different statistics should be calculated to show the proficiency of the scanner.
	~~<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">~~
	~~<li>~~ Standard deviation of the difference between first and second scans of the same animals together with the correlation. For this, animals don’t have to be slaughtered and this statistic can be used to evaluate scanners during a training phase. Only scanners reaching minimum standards here, that means those that are consistent in what they are measuring will be allowed to attempt the expensive accreditation involving carcase data.		# Standard deviation of the difference between first and second scans of the same animals together with the correlation. For this, animals don’t have to be slaughtered and this statistic can be used to evaluate scanners during a training phase. Only scanners reaching minimum standards here, that means those that are consistent in what they are measuring will be allowed to attempt the expensive accreditation involving carcase data.
	~~<li>~~ Standard deviation of difference between scan results and mean carcase value and the correlation between scan and carcase results.		# Standard deviation of difference between scan results and mean carcase value and the correlation between scan and carcase results.
	~~<li>~~ The bias between scan and carcase measurement.		# The bias between scan and carcase measurement.
	~~</ol>~~

	<br>		<br>

Bgolden at 16:34, 25 September 2023

2023-09-25T16:34:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:34, 25 September 2023
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	[[Category:3 Specific recommendations for data collection]]		[[Category:Beef Cattle Recording: Specific recommendations for data collection]]
	=3.7 Ultrasound measurements=		=3.7 Ultrasound measurements=

Bgolden: Bgolden moved page 3.7. Ultrasound Measurements to Beef Cattle Ultrasound Measurements without leaving a redirect

2023-09-25T16:33:31Z

Bgolden moved page 3.7. Ultrasound Measurements to Beef Cattle Ultrasound Measurements without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:33, 25 September 2023
(No difference)

Rbanks at 01:51, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:51:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 29 April 2023
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	[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]
	<br>		<br>
	Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).		''Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).''

	<br>		<br>

Rbanks at 01:50, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:50:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:50, 29 April 2023
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	[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]
			<br>
	Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).		Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).

	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Fig 3.5.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.5.jpg]]
			<br>
	''Figure 3.5. Ultrasound rump fat image with typical landmarks identified. Notice how the point of biceps femoris is near the 2/3 position of the image, and the fat lines are very defined and not blurred. Additionally, the pelvic bone is absorbing the ultrasound waves on the lower right portion of the image. The transducer is placed above a straight line between the hooks and the pins. The animal’s head is to the right side of the image, and the tail is to the left of the image.''		''Figure 3.5. Ultrasound rump fat image with typical landmarks identified. Notice how the point of biceps femoris is near the 2/3 position of the image, and the fat lines are very defined and not blurred. Additionally, the pelvic bone is absorbing the ultrasound waves on the lower right portion of the image. The transducer is placed above a straight line between the hooks and the pins. The animal’s head is to the right side of the image, and the tail is to the left of the image.''

	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Fig 3.6.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.6.jpg]]
			<br>
	''Figure 3.6. Cross-sectional ultrasound image and outline of important landmarks @ 12-13 rib, where a carcass would be broken into quarters.		''Figure 3.6. Cross-sectional ultrasound image and outline of important landmarks @ 12-13 rib, where a carcass would be broken into quarters.
	*1 – Spinalis Dorsi		*1 – Spinalis Dorsi
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	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Fig 3.7.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.7.jpg]]
			<br>
	''Figure 3.7. Longitudinal ultrasound image taken over the 13th, 12th, and 11th ribs. The first uniform layer of is the hide of the animal. The second layer is the subcutaneous fat layer. Notice also the triangular shaped section of spinalis dorsi under the fat layer above the 11th rib, and the added brightness of the image under the spinalis dorsi.''		''Figure 3.7. Longitudinal ultrasound image taken over the 13th, 12th, and 11th ribs. The first uniform layer of is the hide of the animal. The second layer is the subcutaneous fat layer. Notice also the triangular shaped section of spinalis dorsi under the fat layer above the 11th rib, and the added brightness of the image under the spinalis dorsi.''

Rbanks at 01:49, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:49:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 29 April 2023
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	[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]		[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]
	Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).		Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).

			<br>
			[[File:Fig 3.5.jpg]]
			''Figure 3.5. Ultrasound rump fat image with typical landmarks identified. Notice how the point of biceps femoris is near the 2/3 position of the image, and the fat lines are very defined and not blurred. Additionally, the pelvic bone is absorbing the ultrasound waves on the lower right portion of the image. The transducer is placed above a straight line between the hooks and the pins. The animal’s head is to the right side of the image, and the tail is to the left of the image.''

			<br>
			[[File:Fig 3.6.jpg]]
			''Figure 3.6. Cross-sectional ultrasound image and outline of important landmarks @ 12-13 rib, where a carcass would be broken into quarters.
			*1 – Spinalis Dorsi
			*2 – Acorn Fat or the “Hook” of the ribeye
			*3 – Longissimus Costarum
			*4 – “Break” in the intercostals
			*5 – Intercostal muscle boundaries or “Railroad Tracks”''


			<br>
			[[File:Fig 3.7.jpg]]
			''Figure 3.7. Longitudinal ultrasound image taken over the 13th, 12th, and 11th ribs. The first uniform layer of is the hide of the animal. The second layer is the subcutaneous fat layer. Notice also the triangular shaped section of spinalis dorsi under the fat layer above the 11th rib, and the added brightness of the image under the spinalis dorsi.''

Rbanks at 01:43, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:43:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 29 April 2023
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	==Location of P8 Site==		==Location of P8 Site==
	[[File:~~Figures~~ 3.4 ~~to 3~~.~~7\|thumb~~]]		<br>

			[[File:Fig 3.4.jpg]]
			Figure 3.4. Location of P8 Site (Rump fat thickness).

Rbanks at 01:40, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:40:46Z

@@ Line 272: / Line 272: @@
 | <br />< 0.70
 |}
 Alternative statistical methods, like goodness to fit, can also be considered when the proficiency of operators (scanners) are evaluated.
@@ Line 281: / Line 280: @@
 ==Ultrasound scanner==
 ==Location of P8 Site==
 [[File:Figures 3.4 to 3.7|thumb]]

Rbanks at 01:37, 29 April 2023

2023-04-29T01:37:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:37, 29 April 2023
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	</ol>		</ol>

			<br>
			''Table 3.3. Recommended standards for Proficiency Testing of Real Time Ultrasound Assessment of Live Cattle used in Australia.''

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! <br />Rib Fat Thickness (12/13th rib)
			! colspan="2" \| <br />
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of repeatability
			\| <br />1.0 mm
			\| <br />0.04 inches
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of measurement (prediction)
			\| <br />1.0 mm
			\| <br />0.04 inches
			\|-
			\| <br />Correlation with carcase measurement
			\| <br />0.9
			\| <br />0.9
			\|-
			\| <br />Rump Fat Thickness (12/13th rib)
			\| <br />
			\| <br />
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of repeatability
			\| <br />1.5 mm
			\| <br />0.06 inches
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of measurement (prediction)
			\| <br />1.5 mm
			\| <br />0.06 inches
			\|-
			\| <br />Correlation with carcase measurement
			\| <br />0.9
			\| <br />0.9
			\|-
			\| <br />Eye Muscle Area (EMA
			\| <br />
			\| <br />
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of repeatability
			\| <br />6.0 cm2
			\| <br />0.90 inches2
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of measurement (prediction)
			\| <br />5.5 cm2
			\| <br />0.80 inches2
			\|-
			\| <br />Correlation with carcase measurement
			\| <br />0.8
			\| <br />0.8
			\|-
			\| <br />Intramuscular fat percent (IMF%)
			\| <br />
			\| <br />
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of repeatability
			\| <br />1.0 %
			\| <br />1.0 %
			\|-
			\| <br />Maximum Standard error of measurement (prediction)
			\| <br />0.9 %
			\| <br />0.9 %
			\|-
			\| <br />Correlation with carcase measurement
			\| <br />0.75
			\| <br />0.75
			\|}

			<br>
			''Table 3.4. Guidelines on the minimum requirements for operators as set by the Beef Improvement Federation of the United States of America.''

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
			! <br />Trait
			! colspan="2" \| <br />Standard error of prediction
			! <br />Bias
			\|-
			\| <br />Fat thickness
			\| <br />< 0.10
			\| <br />< 0.10
			\| <br />< 0.10
			\|-
			\| <br />Ribeye area
			\| <br />< 1.20
			\| <br />< 1.20
			\| <br />< 1.20
			\|-
			\| <br />% IMF
			\| <br />< 1.20
			\| <br />< 1.10
			\| <br />< 0.70
			\|}
	[[File:Tables 3.3 & 3.4\|thumb]]		[[File:Tables 3.3 & 3.4\|thumb]]