Section 01 – General Rules - Revision history

Cmosconi: /* Method of identification */

2025-02-18T13:31:05Z

Method of identification

Aashish: /* Transmission of AI data to databases for parentage assessment */

2024-09-07T10:12:02Z

Transmission of AI data to databases for parentage assessment

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 7 September 2024
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	with other relevant data such as birth date.		with other relevant data such as birth date.
	Some extra conditions are required on the transmission of AI data:		Some extra conditions are required on the transmission of AI data:
	# AI data have to be transmitted on a regular frequency to the data base where there are
	brought together with birth data.		# AI data have to be transmitted on a regular frequency to the data base where there are brought together with birth data.
	# AI data have to be available in this data base prior to the arrival of birth data.		# AI data have to be available in this data base prior to the arrival of birth data.
	# All AI data have to be available in the data base whatever they are successful or not.		# All AI data have to be available in the data base whatever they are successful or not.

	By bringing together all AI data and birth data, it is possible to assess the fecundating AI		By bringing together all AI data and birth data, it is possible to assess the fecundating AI
	according to the dates recorded for birth and AI and the gestation length of the females of the		according to the dates recorded for birth and AI and the gestation length of the females of the

Aashish: /* Registration of recording methods */

2024-07-19T07:35:50Z

Registration of recording methods

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	== Registration of recording methods ==		== Registration of recording methods ==
	==Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services==
			=== Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services ===
	Each member organisation is obliged to inform ICAR on recording methods used.		Each member organisation is obliged to inform ICAR on recording methods used.

	ICAR should be informed, when the methods change. The description of the methods of		ICAR should be informed, when the methods change. The description of the methods of
	recording should include the following items:		recording should include the following items:
	==Identification and parentage==
			=== Identification and parentage ===
	# The method of recording the date of birth/breed and the sex of the animal.		# The method of recording the date of birth/breed and the sex of the animal.
	# The method of recording parentage.		# The method of recording parentage.
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	# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.		# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.
	# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record processing.		# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record processing.
	==Production (milk)==
			=== Production (milk) ===
	# The method of recording milk yield.		# The method of recording milk yield.
	# The frequency of recording.		# The frequency of recording.
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	# The methods used to calculate 'official lactation totals.		# The methods used to calculate 'official lactation totals.
	# The accuracy of the recording method used, calculated in a manner determined by ICAR, expressed in relation to the 'standard method.		# The accuracy of the recording method used, calculated in a manner determined by ICAR, expressed in relation to the 'standard method.
	==Production (meat and other traits)==
			=== Production (meat and other traits) ===
	# The method of recording.		# The method of recording.
	# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.		# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.

Aashish: /* Registration of recording methods */

2024-07-19T07:35:11Z

Registration of recording methods

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 19 July 2024
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	== Registration of recording methods ==		== Registration of recording methods ==
	~~<blockquote>~~		==Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services==
	~~<div style~~=~~"column-count:2">~~		Each member organisation is obliged to inform ICAR on recording methods used.
	~~: [[General Rules: Methods~~ of ~~identification \| Methods~~ of ~~identification]]~~
	~~: [[General Rules: Parentage~~ recording ~~methods \| Parentage~~ recording methods]]		ICAR should be informed, when the methods change. The description of the methods of
	~~: [[General Rules: Performance recording~~ of milk ~~\| Performance~~ recording of ~~milk]]~~		recording should include the following items:
	~~: [[General Rules: Rules on individual animal certificates \| Rules on individual animal certificates]]~~		==Identification and parentage==
	~~: [[General Rules: Supervision~~ of ~~milk~~ recording ~~\| Supervision~~ of ~~milk~~ recording]]		# The method of recording the date of birth/breed and the sex of the animal.
	~~: [[General Rules: Registration~~ of recording methods ~~\| Registration~~ of ~~recording~~ methods]]		# The method of recording parentage.
	~~</div>~~		# The method used and description of method of supervision employed.
	~~</blockquote>~~		# The frequency of recording.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record processing.
			==Production (milk)==
			# The method of recording milk yield.
			# The frequency of recording.
			# Sample testing procedures.
			# The number of milkings at which yields and samples are collected if there is a difference between yield and sample recording numbers.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of records collection.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of records processing.
			# The methods used to calculate 'official lactation totals.
			# The accuracy of the recording method used, calculated in a manner determined by ICAR, expressed in relation to the 'standard method.
			==Production (meat and other traits)==
			# The method of recording.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of record collection.
			# The methods used for checking the accuracy of records processing.
			# The methods used to calculate official records.
			# The accuracy of the recording method used, calculated in a manner determined by the Committee.

Aashish: /* Basic rules */

2024-07-19T07:34:39Z

Basic rules

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 19 July 2024
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	== Supervision of milk recording ==		== Supervision of milk recording ==
	==Basic rules==
			=== Basic rules ===
	# ICAR Members involved in farm animal recording shall establish a system of supervision and quality control.		# ICAR Members involved in farm animal recording shall establish a system of supervision and quality control.
	# ICAR Members demonstrate that they have sufficient supervision by registering their supervisory practices with the ICAR Secretariat and by reporting on the checks carried out in the year.		# ICAR Members demonstrate that they have sufficient supervision by registering their supervisory practices with the ICAR Secretariat and by reporting on the checks carried out in the year.
	==Rules on supervisory practices==
			=== Rules on supervisory practices ===
	The supervision must ascertain the following:		The supervision must ascertain the following:
	# That all recordings are carried out using ICAR approved methods and equipment.		# That all recordings are carried out using ICAR approved methods and equipment.
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	# That action is taken to deal with inconsistent and inaccurate information, either by replacing it with the correct information (missing values procedures) or by deleting information known to be inaccurate from the official record.		# That action is taken to deal with inconsistent and inaccurate information, either by replacing it with the correct information (missing values procedures) or by deleting information known to be inaccurate from the official record.
	# That where 'supervision is carried out by a person, the supervisor must not be the person who did the recording or calculation being supervised.		# That where 'supervision is carried out by a person, the supervisor must not be the person who did the recording or calculation being supervised.
	==Recommended supervisory practices==
			=== Recommended supervisory practices ===
	The following additional supervisory practices are recommended:		The following additional supervisory practices are recommended:
	# That quality control checks should be part of the normal recording working practicesand systems, rather than occasional extra spot checks.		# That quality control checks should be part of the normal recording working practicesand systems, rather than occasional extra spot checks.

Aashish: /* Supervision of milk recording */

2024-07-19T07:34:04Z

Supervision of milk recording

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 19 July 2024
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	== Supervision of milk recording ==		== Supervision of milk recording ==
			==Basic rules==
			# ICAR Members involved in farm animal recording shall establish a system of supervision and quality control.
			# ICAR Members demonstrate that they have sufficient supervision by registering their supervisory practices with the ICAR Secretariat and by reporting on the checks carried out in the year.
			==Rules on supervisory practices==
			The supervision must ascertain the following:
			# That all recordings are carried out using ICAR approved methods and equipment.
			# That the recording devices are properly installed, accurately calibrated and properly used.
			# That the animals being recorded are properly and clearly identified.
			# That there are routine checks in place to detect and identify information that is inconsistent and cannot be accurate.
			# That action is taken to deal with inconsistent and inaccurate information, either by replacing it with the correct information (missing values procedures) or by deleting information known to be inaccurate from the official record.
			# That where 'supervision is carried out by a person, the supervisor must not be the person who did the recording or calculation being supervised.
			==Recommended supervisory practices==
			The following additional supervisory practices are recommended:
			# That quality control checks should be part of the normal recording working practicesand systems, rather than occasional extra spot checks.
			# That the results of routine quality control checks should be reported to the recording organisations, users, to the regulators, and in the annual report of that organisation.
			#That an occasional check repeat recordings should be carried out on leading herds, flocks and individual animals, to maintain the reputation for accuracy, of the recording organisation and of ICAR member organisations

	== Registration of recording methods ==		== Registration of recording methods ==

Aashish: /* Rules on individual animal certificates */

2024-07-19T07:33:33Z

Rules on individual animal certificates

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:33, 19 July 2024
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	== Rules on individual animal certificates ==		== Rules on individual animal certificates ==
	==Basic rules==
			=== Basic rules ===
	# An official certificate issued by an ICAR Member should contain all the information essential to establishing the identity and value of an animal.		# An official certificate issued by an ICAR Member should contain all the information essential to establishing the identity and value of an animal.
	# An official certificate must clearly indicate the recording methods used to produce the official record.		# An official certificate must clearly indicate the recording methods used to produce the official record.
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	# Where any estimated information is included in an official certificate, this must be clearly indicated.		# Where any estimated information is included in an official certificate, this must be clearly indicated.

	==The following details must be reported==		=== The following details must be reported ===
	# The (ICAR member) organisation issuing the certificate.		# The (ICAR member) organisation issuing the certificate.
	# The date of issue of the Certificate.		# The date of issue of the Certificate.
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	# The sex of the animal.		# The sex of the animal.
	# That the animal is a known carrier of a genetic defect, defined by the International Breed Federation concerned.		# That the animal is a known carrier of a genetic defect, defined by the International Breed Federation concerned.
	==The following details may be reported==
			=== The following details may be reported ===

	# The name and address of the breeder of the animal.		# The name and address of the breeder of the animal.
	# The date of the animal moved to the present location, if other than the date of birth.		# The date of the animal moved to the present location, if other than the date of birth.

Aashish: /* Rules on individual animal certificates */

2024-07-19T07:32:09Z

Rules on individual animal certificates

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 19 July 2024
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	== Rules on individual animal certificates ==		== Rules on individual animal certificates ==
			==Basic rules==
			# An official certificate issued by an ICAR Member should contain all the information essential to establishing the identity and value of an animal.
			# An official certificate must clearly indicate the recording methods used to produce the official record.
			# An official certificate must contain the latest information available on the date of issue.
			# Where any estimated information is included in an official certificate, this must be clearly indicated.

			==The following details must be reported==
			# The (ICAR member) organisation issuing the certificate.
			# The date of issue of the Certificate.
			# The identity number and name of the animal.
			# The animal s "original number" and name, if different.
			# The date of birth of the animal.
			# The identity and names of the animal, sire and dam and of its grand sires and grand dams.
			# The breed of the animal, or in the case of cross breed animals, the main breed percentages in the animal s breeding.
			# The sex of the animal.
			# That the animal is a known carrier of a genetic defect, defined by the International Breed Federation concerned.
			==The following details may be reported==
			# The name and address of the breeder of the animal.
			# The date of the animal moved to the present location, if other than the date of birth.
			# The date of commencement and the end date for each period production record.
			# The events which started and ended each production period.
			# The individual recording day production records.
			# Any health event recorded for the animal.
			# The dates and service sire of any recorded services.
			# The identity and sex of any progeny of the animal.
			# If the animal has been flushed to produced ova, the flushing dates and the number of viable ova collected.
			# If the animal has been used as a 'recipient following ET, the date of transfer, the genetic sire and dam of the embryo and the sex of the embryo.
			# The fertility records of the animal, including its current fertility status.
			# Additional traits records and evaluations, such as milkability and locomotion scores.
			# That the animal is dead.
			# The number of true recording (no missing values) contained in the record for each production period.
			# The name of the register in which the record is held
			# The animal s genetic evaluations.
			# The animal s records of production.
			# The animal s type classification evaluations.
			# Any events which have significantly affected the animal's records.
			# The location of the animal on the date of the last recording.
			# The methodology used in the production of the record, where this is other than the Reference Method.

	== Supervision of milk recording ==		== Supervision of milk recording ==

Aashish: /* Performance recording of milk */

2024-07-19T07:31:03Z

Performance recording of milk

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:31, 19 July 2024
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	== Performance recording of milk ==		== Performance recording of milk ==
			The ICAR Agreement (refer to [[Preamble \| the Preamble]] of the ICAR Guidelines) allows organisations a degree of
			freedom in deciding recording practices.

			ICAR recording methods are:
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|
			'''Method A'''

			All the recordings are undertaken by an official representative of the Recording Organisation. This includes recordings undertaken by approved on farm systems that are supervised by an official representative of the recording organisation and that cannot be manipulated by the farmer or his nominee.
			\|-
			\|or
			'''Method B'''

			All the recordings are undertaken by the farmer or his nominee.
			\|-
			\|or
			'''Method C'''

			The recordings are undertaken by the farmer or his nominee, and by an official representative of the Recording Organisation.
			\|}

			#For official records an ICAR approved supervisory system must be maintained and check data regularly documented to provide authentication for the records.
			# ICAR Members must ensure that any of their associate recording organisations fully comply with ICAR approved recording methods and practices.

	== Rules on individual animal certificates ==		== Rules on individual animal certificates ==

Aashish: /* Microsatellite or SNP parentage analysis */

2024-07-19T07:30:18Z

Microsatellite or SNP parentage analysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 19 July 2024
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	A list of ICAR accredited labs, for either microsatellite or SNP parentage verification, is available		A list of ICAR accredited labs, for either microsatellite or SNP parentage verification, is available
	here on the ICAR website. The laboratory accreditation process is explained in full in Section 4 of		[https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/accredited-laboratories-for-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ here] on the ICAR website. The laboratory accreditation process is explained in full in [[Section 04 – DNA Technology\|Section 04]] of
	the ICAR Guidelines.		the ICAR Guidelines.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 18 February 2025
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	=== Verification of parentage ===		=== Verification of parentage ===
	The following checks must be carried out before a parentage record can be considered official.		The following checks must be carried out before a parentage record can be considered official:
	# That the served animal is properly identified.		# That the served animal is properly identified.
	# That the service sire is properly identified.		# That the service sire is properly identified.
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	parentage SNP and microsatellite genotypes.		parentage SNP and microsatellite genotypes.

	A list of ICAR ~~accredited~~ labs, for either microsatellite or SNP parentage verification, is available		A list of ICAR certified labs, for either microsatellite or SNP parentage verification, is available
	[https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/~~certification-and-accreditation-of-~~dna-~~genetic-laboratories~~/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/accredited-laboratories-for-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ here] on the ICAR website. The laboratory ~~accreditation~~ process is explained in full in [[Section 04 – DNA Technology\|Section 04]] of		[https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/dna-certifications/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/accredited-laboratories-for-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ here] on the ICAR website. The laboratory certification process is explained in full in [[Section 04 – DNA Technology\|Section 04]] of
	the ICAR Guidelines.		the ICAR Guidelines.

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	There should be a flag on the reconstructed genotype to indicate that the genotype was		There should be a flag on the reconstructed genotype to indicate that the genotype was
	reconstructed and, therefore, the parentage verification was from a derived genotype.		reconstructed and, therefore, the parentage verification was from a derived genotype.

	As an additional tool, grandparents' genotypes may be used to verify the parentage.		As an additional tool, grandparents' genotypes may be used to verify the parentage.

	The reliability of the parentage verification is also determined by genetic diversity that is		The reliability of the parentage verification is also determined by genetic diversity that is
	available within the progeny as well as the qualified parent.		available within the progeny as well as the qualified parent.
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	Visual inspection cannot be used alone to verify parentage but can be used as a rough indicator		Visual inspection cannot be used alone to verify parentage but can be used as a rough indicator
	of parentage where the sire can be easily identified by the type of calf that is born.		of parentage where the sire can be easily identified by the type of calf that is born.

	Visual inspection is better for exclusion rather than for verification.		Visual inspection is better for exclusion rather than for verification.

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	# Using AI data to establish parentage of bovines prior to registration in the herd book and/or in files used for genetic evaluations for any trait.		# Using AI data to establish parentage of bovines prior to registration in the herd book and/or in files used for genetic evaluations for any trait.
	# Printing AI on pedigrees of pregnant females.		# Printing AI on pedigrees of pregnant females.
	# Genetic evaluation of fertility of bulls, daughter fertility, and establishment of Non-~~ReturnRates~~.		# Genetic evaluation of fertility of bulls, daughter fertility, and establishment of Non-Return-Rates.

	It applies to bovine populations for which parentage is systematically recorded such as herds on		It applies to bovine populations for which parentage is systematically recorded such as herds on
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	==== Definitions ====		==== Definitions ====
	# First AI: first insemination to breed a heifer or after the end of each pregnancy to breed a cow.		# '''First AI''': first insemination to breed a heifer or after the end of each pregnancy to breed a cow.
	# Return: AI carried out after a first tentative within a given reproductive period. A rank is attached to each return.		# '''Return''': AI carried out after a first tentative within a given reproductive period. A rank is attached to each return.
	# Rank: order of the return after the First AI (2, 3, 4,…).		# '''Rank''': order of the return after the First AI (2, 3, 4,…).
	# Fecundating AI: AI which is not followed by a return during a given period of time (2-3- 4 months), or followed by a positive recorded pregnancy diagnose, or by a calving after a period matching with the gestation length of the breed(s).		# '''Fecundating AI''': AI which is not followed by a return during a given period of time (2-3- 4 months), or followed by a positive recorded pregnancy diagnose, or by a calving after a period matching with the gestation length of the breed(s).
	# Double AI: two AI carried within a short lap of time, e. g 48 hours, on the same female with or not the same bull. This information is recorded to avoid rejection when verification of dates.		# '''Double AI''': two AI carried within a short lap of time, e. g 48 hours, on the same female with or not the same bull. This information is recorded to avoid rejection when verification of dates.
	# Operator: person performing the artificial insemination, hired by AI stations, freelance, veterinarian technician, farmer.		# '''Operator''': person performing the artificial insemination, hired by AI stations, freelance, veterinarian technician, farmer.
	# Special characteristics: technical indication related to the semen (liquid / frozen, dilution), or to the straw (split-unit), or to special purpose of the AI (embryo production)		# '''Special characteristics''': technical indication related to the semen (liquid / frozen, dilution), or to the straw (split-unit), or to special purpose of the AI (embryo production)

	==== Recording of AI data ====		==== Recording of AI data ====
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	===== Female inseminated =====		===== Female inseminated =====
	Females have to be identified within the national system of registration dedicated to genetic		Females have to be identified within the national system of registration dedicated to genetic
	data processing. The identification number of females including country code has to be		data processing. <u>The identification number of females including country code has to be
	recorded for each AI.		recorded for each AI</u>.

	'''Options'''		'''Options'''
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	The female has to be bred by semen of an AI bull, known through the reference of its semen. The		The female has to be bred by semen of an AI bull, known through the reference of its semen. The
	identification of the bull is that defined by the “ICAR guidelines for straw identification for		identification of the bull is that defined by the “ICAR guidelines for straw identification for
	bovine semen” as the international identification code or a world-wide unique bull code. One of		bovine semen” as the international identification code or a world-wide unique bull code. <u>One of
	those codes has to be recorded for each AI.		those codes has to be recorded for each AI</u>.

	If a bull code is used, it must be linked with the international identification code after the		If a bull code is used, it must be linked with the international identification code after the
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	===== Double AI =====		===== Double AI =====
	The existence of a double AI has to be mentioned either by recording of a code or		<u>The existence of a double AI has to be mentioned either by recording of a code or
	automatically.		automatically.</u>

	===== Special characteristics =====		===== Special characteristics =====
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	This recommendation aims to improve parentage assessment when AI data are brought together		This recommendation aims to improve parentage assessment when AI data are brought together
	with other relevant data such as birth date.		with other relevant data such as birth date.

	Some extra conditions are required on the transmission of AI data:		Some extra conditions are required on the transmission of AI data:

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	controls and implement relevant indicators:		controls and implement relevant indicators:
	# Counting of failures on each test suggested above, in terms of completeness, integrity, coherence and likelihood of AI data.		# Counting of failures on each test suggested above, in terms of completeness, integrity, coherence and likelihood of AI data.
	# Implementing random sampling test using Blood typing, Micro satellite, or SNP parentage analysis to prove (or reject) the parentage of some groups of animals or specific animals.		# Implementing random sampling test using Blood typing, <u>Micro satellite, or SNP parentage analysis</u> to prove (or reject) the parentage of some groups of animals or specific animals.

	=== Minimum requirements for purposes other than genetic ===		=== Minimum requirements for purposes other than genetic ===
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	herd or individual level.		herd or individual level.

	In such a case bull information is not crucial, but the precise inventory of the herd with the in		In such a case bull information is not crucial, but the precise inventory of the herd with the in-and-out date of females is very important.
	& out date of females is very important.

	In addition to the recorded items on AI describe above, such as AI and births records, other data		In addition to the recorded items on AI describe above, such as AI and births records, other data
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	# Females treated for oestrus synchronisation. (note that in some cases it is important to record the protocol with dates, products, on the group that has been treated).		# Females treated for oestrus synchronisation. (note that in some cases it is important to record the protocol with dates, products, on the group that has been treated).
	# Pregnancy diagnose (method, results).		# Pregnancy diagnose (method, results).
	For each item the identification of female has to be recorded with an unique number at least		For each item the identification of female has to be recorded with an unique number at least within the herd.
	within the herd.</div>		</div>
	</div>		</div>