Section 02 – Cattle Milk Recording - Revision history

Cmosconi at 16:28, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T16:28:20Z

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	In cases where the owner of the recorded cows or his employees carry out the recording itself, it is up to the organisation to decide upon, and provide for, any necessary training.		In cases where the owner of the recorded cows or his employees carry out the recording itself, it is up to the organisation to decide upon, and provide for, any necessary training.

	== ~~Recording ==~~		== Standard and Guidelines for Milk Recording ==
	~~===Standards~~ and Guidelines for ~~milk recording =~~==
	These standards and guidelines for milk recording are valid for all milking systems, including AMS where applicable.		These standards and guidelines for milk recording are valid for all milking systems, including AMS where applicable.
	====General Standards and Guidelines for milk recording====		====General Standards and Guidelines for milk recording====

Cmosconi at 12:05, 11 December 2025

2025-12-11T12:05:26Z

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	It is recommended to have a conformation test from a certified recording agency and that frequent training take place.		It is recommended to have a conformation test from a certified recording agency and that frequent training take place.
	====Cows to be recorded====		====Cows to be recorded====
	In a recorded herd, all milk-producing cows must be recorded on ~~each~~ recording ~~day~~. ~~Acceptable reasons~~ for ~~missing data are discussed below, in Missing results~~ and~~/or abnormal~~ intervals ~~([[#Missing_results\|here]])~~		In a recorded herd, all milk-producing cows must be recorded. If a herd is divided into groups, all animals in the group have to be recorded on the same recording scheme. If different recording schemes are practiced on the farm all cows must be recorded according to the standards for recording and sampling intervals in table 3.

	~~However~~, ~~if a cow is permanently excluded from milk production, she can also be excluded from milk recording~~. ~~This may happen through retirement~~ or ~~through use as a suckling cow. In each case it must be certain that the cow will never again produce milk to the bulk tank on the same farm~~.		Acceptable reasons for missing data are discussed below, in 5.5. Missing results and/or abnormal intervals are reported [[Section 02 – Cattle Milk Recording#Missing results\|here]].

	===Identification (ID)===		===Identification (ID)===
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	\|'''Responsibility for recording'''		\|'''Responsibility for recording'''
	\|'''Sampling scheme'''		\|'''Sampling scheme'''
	\|'''Recording ~~frequency~~'''		\|'''Recording interval (weeks)'''
	\|'''Sampling ~~frequency~~'''		\|'''Sampling interval (weeks)'''
	\|'''Number of milkings per day'''		\|'''Number of milkings per day'''
	\|-		\|-

Cmosconi at 11:20, 21 October 2025

2025-10-21T11:20:44Z

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	= Appendices =		= Appendices =
			== Appendix 1 - Adjustment factors to calculate 24-hour yields using the Liu method ==
	<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">		<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
	<div>		<div>
	~~== Appendix 1 - Adjustment factors to calculate 24-hour yields using the Liu method ==~~
	In Table 6 the adjustment factors to calculate 24-hour yields, using the Liu method, can be found. The description of the Liu method can be found in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2.]		In Table 6 the adjustment factors to calculate 24-hour yields, using the Liu method, can be found. The description of the Liu method can be found in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2.]
	<center>		<center>

Cmosconi at 11:15, 21 October 2025

2025-10-21T11:15:48Z

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	==== Estimation of 24-hour fat and protein yield ====		==== Estimation of 24-hour fat and protein yield ====
	Fat and protein yields should be determined from the 24-hour yield on the day of sampling, and not the averaged value.		Fat and protein yields should be determined from the 24-hour yield on the day of sampling, and not the averaged value.
			</div>
			</div>

	== Procedure 2 – Computing of Accumulated Lactation Yield ==		== Procedure 2 – Computing of Accumulated Lactation Yield ==

Cmosconi at 11:14, 21 October 2025

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	== Procedure 2 – Computing of Accumulated Lactation Yield ==		== Procedure 2 – Computing of Accumulated Lactation Yield ==
			<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
			<div>
	=== The Test Interval Method (TIM) (Sargent, 1968<ref>Sargent, F. D., V. H. Lyton, and 0. G. Wall, J r . 1968. Test interval method of calculating Dairy Herd Improvement Association records. J. Dairy Sci. 51:170.</ref>) ===		=== The Test Interval Method (TIM) (Sargent, 1968<ref>Sargent, F. D., V. H. Lyton, and 0. G. Wall, J r . 1968. Test interval method of calculating Dairy Herd Improvement Association records. J. Dairy Sci. 51:170.</ref>) ===
	Test Interval Method is the reference method for calculating accumulated yields. Another adaptation of the method is the Centering Date Method where the yields from the preceding recording are used until the mid point of the recording interval and then substituted by the yields from the following recording.		Test Interval Method is the reference method for calculating accumulated yields. Another adaptation of the method is the Centering Date Method where the yields from the preceding recording are used until the mid point of the recording interval and then substituted by the yields from the following recording.
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	[[File:Equation7777.png\|none\|thumb\|551x551px]]		[[File:Equation7777.png\|none\|thumb\|551x551px]]
	Equation 6 is used separately for each trait (milk, fat, protein, and SCS). The results for this cow were 7456 kg milk, 301 kg fat, and 239 kg protein. The result for SCS is divided by 305 to give an average daily SCS of 2.477.		Equation 6 is used separately for each trait (milk, fat, protein, and SCS). The results for this cow were 7456 kg milk, 301 kg fat, and 239 kg protein. The result for SCS is divided by 305 to give an average daily SCS of 2.477.
			</div>
			</div>


	= Appendices =		= Appendices =

Cmosconi at 10:44, 21 October 2025

2025-10-21T10:44:52Z

Show changes

Mielhostens: Update with input from Sujit

2025-03-31T12:42:07Z

Update with input from Sujit

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 31 March 2025
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	=== One day bulk tank data comparison ===		=== One day bulk tank data comparison ===
	Milk yields and fat yields or contents are compared on the recording day. Comparing the contents is routinely possible where every delivery is sampled or by taking a bulk tank sample (see point [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Bulk_tank_data_comparison 1.10.1] above for how the comparison is done.)		Milk yields and fat yields or contents are compared on the recording day. Comparing the contents is routinely possible where every delivery is sampled or by taking a bulk tank sample (see point [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Bulk_tank_data_comparison 1.10] above for how the comparison is done.)

	=== Bulk tank data comparison over a longer period ===		=== Bulk tank data comparison over a longer period ===

Cmosconi at 16:54, 11 March 2025

2025-03-11T16:54:33Z

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	It is recommended to have a conformation test from a certified recording agency and that frequent training take place.		It is recommended to have a conformation test from a certified recording agency and that frequent training take place.
	====Cows to be recorded====		====Cows to be recorded====
	In a recorded herd, all milk-producing cows must be recorded on each recording day. Acceptable reasons for missing data are discussed below, in ~~[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Missing_results_and/or_abnormal_intervals 1.4.5~~ Missing results and/or abnormal intervals] ~~xxxxxxxxxx~~		In a recorded herd, all milk-producing cows must be recorded on each recording day. Acceptable reasons for missing data are discussed below, in Missing results and/or abnormal intervals ([[#Missing_results\|here]])

	However, if a cow is permanently excluded from milk production, she can also be excluded from milk recording. This may happen through retirement or through use as a suckling cow. In each case it must be certain that the cow will never again produce milk to the bulk tank on the same farm.</div>		However, if a cow is permanently excluded from milk production, she can also be excluded from milk recording. This may happen through retirement or through use as a suckling cow. In each case it must be certain that the cow will never again produce milk to the bulk tank on the same farm.</div>
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	=== Missing results and/or abnormal intervals ===		=== Missing results and/or abnormal intervals ===
	A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording.		{{anchor\|Missing_results}}A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording.
	#When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedure (or other procedures approved by the ICAR):		#When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedure (or other procedures approved by the ICAR):
	#*Divide 24 by the interval, then multiply by the yield. For example:		#*Divide 24 by the interval, then multiply by the yield. For example:

Cmosconi: /* Database */

2025-03-11T16:38:23Z

Database

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	Storing the recorded data in a milk recording database is an indispensable part of the recording. It is recommended to use the quickest possible means to store the data in the database in order to ensure up-to-date breeding values and management applications. Where computerised data capture is possible, it should not take more than five days after the recording to have the complete recording data set in the database.		Storing the recorded data in a milk recording database is an indispensable part of the recording. It is recommended to use the quickest possible means to store the data in the database in order to ensure up-to-date breeding values and management applications. Where computerised data capture is possible, it should not take more than five days after the recording to have the complete recording data set in the database.

	The application of the Guidelines in [https://~~www~~.icar.org/~~Guidelines~~/02-Procedure-1-Computing-24-~~Hour-~~Yield~~.pdf Procedure 1 of Section 2~~], ~~XXXXXXX~~ together with other parts of the Guidelines, ensure that data from particular animals are linked with the relevant phenotypes, genomic information and environments to the required accuracy and using the best methods. There is a distinction, however, between the accuracy required for official milk recording and breeding value estimations and other relevant official results and data used for managerial purposes.		The application of the Guidelines in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2 - Computing 24-hour Yield], together with other parts of the Guidelines, ensure that data from particular animals are linked with the relevant phenotypes, genomic information and environments to the required accuracy and using the best methods. There is a distinction, however, between the accuracy required for official milk recording and breeding value estimations and other relevant official results and data used for managerial purposes.

	The guidelines on storage of data collected by the milk recording process are:		The guidelines on storage of data collected by the milk recording process are:

Cmosconi: /* Standards and Guidelines for milk recording using AMS */

2025-03-11T16:22:03Z

Standards and Guidelines for milk recording using AMS

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	#Ideally, data of all milkings should be collected and used to compute lactation yield.		#Ideally, data of all milkings should be collected and used to compute lactation yield.
	#Description of formats to exchange data recorded by an AMS can be requested from the manufacturer or the ICAR ADE data exchange standard for milking data can be used.		#Description of formats to exchange data recorded by an AMS can be requested from the manufacturer or the ICAR ADE data exchange standard for milking data can be used.
	#In the case of milk recording method B ([~~https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording~~#~~Responsibility_for_the_recording see~~ 1.4~~.4.1~~]) with AMS, the milk recording organization should make sure that the farmer knows how to load or transfer data. ~~xxxxxxx~~		#In the case of milk recording method B (see [[Section 02 – Cattle Milk Recording#Recording\|chapter 1.4 "Recording]]") with AMS, the milk recording organization should make sure that the farmer knows how to load or transfer data.
	#Data can be extracted by: 1) manual operation by MRO Technician’s or Farmer (file extraction), 2) automated system and data transfer through an Application Programming Interface (API), 3) another data transfer and exchange system.		#Data can be extracted by: 1) manual operation by MRO Technician’s or Farmer (file extraction), 2) automated system and data transfer through an Application Programming Interface (API), 3) another data transfer and exchange system.
	#Raw milk recording data from the AMS must be easily accessible for MRO data processing.		#Raw milk recording data from the AMS must be easily accessible for MRO data processing.
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	====Responsibility for the recording====		====Responsibility for the recording====
	This symbol indicates who is responsible for measuring the milk yields and taking samples in the herd.		This symbol indicates who is responsible for measuring the milk yields and taking samples in the herd.
	#Representative of the MRO (Method A; see '''[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_01_%E2%80%93_General_Rules#Performance_recording_of_milk Section 1.3]''') ~~xxxxxxx~~		#Representative of the MRO (Method A; see '''[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_01_%E2%80%93_General_Rules#Performance_recording_of_milk Section 1 Chapter 3 - Performance recording of milk]''')
	#Farmer or his/her representative (Method B; see '''[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_01_%E2%80%93_General_Rules#Performance_recording_of_milk Section 1.3]''') ~~xxxxxxxx~~		#Farmer or his/her representative (Method B; see '''[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_01_%E2%80%93_General_Rules#Performance_recording_of_milk Section 1 Chapter 3 - Performance recording of milk]''')
	#Mixed responsibility (Method C; see '''[[Section ~~01 – General Rules#~~Performance recording of milk~~\|Section 1.3]~~]''') ~~xxxxxxx~~		#Mixed responsibility (Method C; see '''[https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_01_%E2%80%93_General_Rules#Performance_recording_of_milk Section 1 Chapter 3 - Performance recording of milk]''')
	====ICAR Standards for sampling schemes====		====ICAR Standards for sampling schemes====
	=====Proportional sampling (P)=====		=====Proportional sampling (P)=====
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	Samples are taken at more than one milking during the recording day while milk weights are taken at each milking or over several days. Samples from different milkings are not mixed but they are kept in distinct vials so that each cow has at least two samples. The analysis results must be corrected to correspond to the 24-hour fat and protein yields. For example: a cow is milked 3x during 24 hours and 2 or 3 separate samples are taken, kept and analysed in different vials. This is the gold standard for AMS. It produces the most accurate results but is more expensive.		Samples are taken at more than one milking during the recording day while milk weights are taken at each milking or over several days. Samples from different milkings are not mixed but they are kept in distinct vials so that each cow has at least two samples. The analysis results must be corrected to correspond to the 24-hour fat and protein yields. For example: a cow is milked 3x during 24 hours and 2 or 3 separate samples are taken, kept and analysed in different vials. This is the gold standard for AMS. It produces the most accurate results but is more expensive.
	=====One-milking sampling with milk weights from more than one milking (Z)=====		=====One-milking sampling with milk weights from more than one milking (Z)=====
	Samples are taken from one milking during the recording day while milk weights are taken at each milking or over several days. The analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2.] ~~xxxxxxx~~		Samples are taken from one milking during the recording day while milk weights are taken at each milking or over several days. The analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2 - Computing 24-hour Yield.]

	=====Alternated one-milking recording (T)=====		=====Alternated one-milking recording (T)=====
	Samples and milk weights are taken during one milking, alternating between morning and evening milkings. The milk weights and analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2.] ~~xxxxxxx~~		Samples and milk weights are taken during one milking, alternating between morning and evening milkings. The milk weights and analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2 - Computing 24-hour Yield.]

	=====Constant one-milking recording (C)=====		=====Constant one-milking recording (C)=====
	Samples and milk weights are taken during one milking, constantly during morning or evening milking. The milk weights and analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2.] ~~xxxxxxx~~		Samples and milk weights are taken during one milking, constantly during morning or evening milking. The milk weights and analysis results must be corrected using one of the methods described in [https://wiki.icar.org/index.php/Section_02_%E2%80%93_Cattle_Milk_Recording#Procedure_1:_Computing_24-hour_Yields Procedure 1 of Section 2 - Computing 24-hour Yield.]

	=====In-line analysis recording (I)=====		=====In-line analysis recording (I)=====
	Milk is not sampled but its constituents are continuously analysed by a stationary analyser.		Milk is not sampled but its constituents are continuously analysed by a stationary analyser.
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	#*No sample analysis results.		#*No sample analysis results.
	#The number of the official and complete (milk, fat and protein) recordings in the lactation or other accumulated yield should be reported.		#The number of the official and complete (milk, fat and protein) recordings in the lactation or other accumulated yield should be reported.
	#Permitted range of the daily recorded values is given in Table 5. Outside of these ranges, the daily recorded<ref>'''Note:''' High fat breeds have breed average higher than 5.0 for fat %.</ref> value will be considered as a missing value. ~~(<u>Note~~</u>~~: High fat breeds have breed average higher than 5.0 for fat %) xxxxxxxxxxxx~~		#<span lang="en" dir="ltr">Permitted range of the daily recorded values is given in Table 5. Outside of these ranges, the daily recorded<ref>'''Note:''' High fat breeds have breed average higher than 5.0 for fat %.</ref> value will be considered as a missing value.</span>

	<center>		<center>
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	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 7.0		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 7.0
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align:center;" \| High ~~Fat1~~ Cattle Breeds		\| style="text-align:center;" \| High Fat<sup>1</sup> Cattle Breeds
	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 3.0		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 3.0
	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 99.9		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 99.9
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	\| style="text-align:center;" \| 9.0		\| style="text-align:center;" \| 9.0
	\|}		\|}
	</center>The true daily recorded values collected from animals labelled by the farmer as sick, injured or under treatment must be used in the computation of the lactation record unless the milk yield is less than 50% of the previous milk yield or less than 60% of the predicted yield. In such a case, the whole set of daily recorded values may be considered as missing.		</center><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><u><sup>1</sup>Note</u>: High fat breeds have breed average higher than 5.0 for fat %</span><span lang="en" dir="ltr">The true daily recorded values collected from animals labelled by the farmer as sick, injured or under treatment must be used in the computation of the lactation record unless the milk yield is less than 50% of the previous milk yield or less than 60% of the predicted yield. In such a case, the whole set of daily recorded values may be considered as missing.</span>

	Estimates of the missing values of a daily recording can be computed by using interpolation procedures or by more sophisticated procedures approved by ICAR		Estimates of the missing values of a daily recording can be computed by using interpolation procedures or by more sophisticated procedures approved by ICAR