Section 04 – DNA Technology - Revision history

Cmosconi: links to the old icar site for the Appendixes # 1-10

2025-05-08T11:11:45Z

links to the old icar site for the Appendixes # 1-10

Cmosconi: /* Genetic Markers */

2025-03-03T16:30:53Z

Genetic Markers

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	Advances in molecular biology, especially genomics, provide a new set of information to be incorporated into the animal industry. On one hand, the use of molecular information may contribute to the enhancement of consumers' trust in the ability to monitor and control the animal production chain. On the other hand, molecular information will greatly contribute to the achievement of genetic improvement for animal traits through the use of genomic breeding values, marker assisted selection, gene introgression, heterosis prediction, pedigree validation/prediction, and genetic defect carrier status. In most cases, advantages of using molecular information via genomic evaluations, comes from improved accuracy of animal breeding values, shortened generation intervals, and increased intensity of selection. Even with these advancements there is still a need for research and development in the search for associations between genetic markers and traits of interest, especially as new traits are included in national evaluation indexes. In addition to that, even with the current incorporation of genomic information into national selection schemes, an understanding of gene action, gene interactions, and differential gene expression to avoid negative collateral effects is needed. Cooperation between animal industries and research is required for a successful and beneficial search for genetic information in commercial livestock populations.		Advances in molecular biology, especially genomics, provide a new set of information to be incorporated into the animal industry. On one hand, the use of molecular information may contribute to the enhancement of consumers' trust in the ability to monitor and control the animal production chain. On the other hand, molecular information will greatly contribute to the achievement of genetic improvement for animal traits through the use of genomic breeding values, marker assisted selection, gene introgression, heterosis prediction, pedigree validation/prediction, and genetic defect carrier status. In most cases, advantages of using molecular information via genomic evaluations, comes from improved accuracy of animal breeding values, shortened generation intervals, and increased intensity of selection. Even with these advancements there is still a need for research and development in the search for associations between genetic markers and traits of interest, especially as new traits are included in national evaluation indexes. In addition to that, even with the current incorporation of genomic information into national selection schemes, an understanding of gene action, gene interactions, and differential gene expression to avoid negative collateral effects is needed. Cooperation between animal industries and research is required for a successful and beneficial search for genetic information in commercial livestock populations.

	=== Genetic ~~Markers~~ ===		=== Genetic markers ===
	Genetic markers are the fundamental molecular tools for genomics, even as the type of marker used has changed. The first genetic marker associations in livestock were reported using blood typing in the 1960s, the technology then moved to microsatellites (MS) in the 1990s and more recently to the use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). SNP and MS are polymorphic DNA sequences (alleles) at a specific locus of a particular chromosome. While blood typing has been an ICAR approved method of parentage verification currently there are few, if any, commercial labs still offering this testing. For this reason, ICAR no longer recommends blood typing as the basis for carrying out parentage analysis in livestock species where MS or SNP technology is widely available.		Genetic markers are the fundamental molecular tools for genomics, even as the type of marker used has changed. The first genetic marker associations in livestock were reported using blood typing in the 1960s, the technology then moved to microsatellites (MS) in the 1990s and more recently to the use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). SNP and MS are polymorphic DNA sequences (alleles) at a specific locus of a particular chromosome. While blood typing has been an ICAR approved method of parentage verification currently there are few, if any, commercial labs still offering this testing. For this reason, ICAR no longer recommends blood typing as the basis for carrying out parentage analysis in livestock species where MS or SNP technology is widely available.

Cmosconi: /* Molecular Genetics */

2025-03-03T16:30:39Z

Molecular Genetics

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	== Molecular ~~Genetics~~ ==		== Molecular genetics ==
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Cmosconi: /* Current and Potential Uses of DNA Technologies */

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Current and Potential Uses of DNA Technologies

Show changes

Aashish: /* Renewal of accreditation */

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Renewal of accreditation

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	==== Renewal of accreditation ====		==== Renewal of accreditation ====
	In advance of the expiry date of any existing ~~[[Preamble#Scope\|~~ICAR accreditation]], normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.		In advance of the expiry date of any existing ICAR accreditation, normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.

	==== Laboratory accreditation ====		==== Laboratory accreditation ====

Aashish: /* Renewal of accreditation */

2025-01-31T10:06:40Z

Renewal of accreditation

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	==== Renewal of accreditation ====		==== Renewal of accreditation ====
	In advance of the expiry date of any existing [[#~~Application_for_accreditation~~\|ICAR accreditation]], normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.		In advance of the expiry date of any existing [[Preamble#Scope\|ICAR accreditation]], normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.

	==== Laboratory accreditation ====		==== Laboratory accreditation ====

Aashish: /* Renewal of accreditation */

2025-01-31T10:04:25Z

Renewal of accreditation

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	==== Renewal of accreditation ====		==== Renewal of accreditation ====
	In advance of the expiry date of any existing ICAR accreditation, normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.		In advance of the expiry date of any existing [[#Application_for_accreditation\|ICAR accreditation]], normally during the same year of the December 31<sup>st</sup> expiry date, a laboratory can apply for renewal of their accreditation by submitting an application as described in section 3.3.1 above and successfully completing the other steps outlined in this section 3.

	==== Laboratory accreditation ====		==== Laboratory accreditation ====

Aashish: /* Payment of relevant fee */

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Payment of relevant fee

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	==== Payment of relevant fee ====		==== Payment of relevant fee ====
	Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.~~] [[#Application\|refer]~~]		Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.]

	==== Review of application ====		==== Review of application ====

Aashish: /* Payment of relevant fee */

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Payment of relevant fee

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	==== Payment of relevant fee ====		==== Payment of relevant fee ====
	Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.] [[#~~Microsatellite_markers~~\|refer]]		Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.] [[#Application\|refer]]

	==== Review of application ====		==== Review of application ====

Aashish: /* Payment of relevant fee */

2025-01-31T09:59:00Z

Payment of relevant fee

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:59, 31 January 2025
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	==== Payment of relevant fee ====		==== Payment of relevant fee ====
	Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.] [[#~~Microsatellites_Markers~~\|refer]]		Along with the completed application form, the applicant must also provide full payment of the relevant fee as established by ICAR and given in [https://www.icar.org/index.php/certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ ''Appendix 4. ICAR DNA Laboratory Accreditation Service fees''.] [[#Microsatellite_markers\|refer]]

	==== Review of application ====		==== Review of application ====

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	=== Appendix 1. Link to SNP markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification ===		=== Appendix 1. Link to SNP markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification ===
	https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-1-Cattle-SNP-ISAG-core-additional-panel-2013.xlsx		[https://old.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-1-Cattle-SNP-ISAG-core-additional-panel-2013.xlsx https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-1-Cattle-SNP-ISAG-core-additional-panel-2013.xlsx]

	=== Appendix 2. Application form for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle ===		=== Appendix 2. Application form for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-II-Application-Form-for-STR-Accreditation.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the Form for ICAR laboratory certification for STR Microsatellite-based Parentage Testing in Cattle.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-II-Application-Form-for-STR-Accreditation.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the Form for ICAR laboratory certification for STR Microsatellite-based Parentage Testing in Cattle.

	=== Appendix 3. Application form for SNP-based genotyping required for parentage analysis in cattle ===		=== Appendix 3. Application form for SNP-based genotyping required for parentage analysis in cattle ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-V-Application-Form-for-SNP-Accreditation.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the Form for ICAR laboratory certification for SNP-based genotyping required for Parentage Analysis in Cattle.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-V-Application-Form-for-SNP-Accreditation.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the Form for ICAR laboratory certification for SNP-based genotyping required for Parentage Analysis in Cattle.

	=== Appendix 4. ICAR DNA laboratory certification service fees ===		=== Appendix 4. ICAR DNA laboratory certification service fees ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/index.php/certifications/dna-certifications/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ here] on the ICAR website for DNA testing certification services fees.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/index.php/certifications/dna-certifications/guidelines-for-str-and-snp-based-parentage-testing-in-cattle/ here] on the ICAR website for DNA testing certification services fees.

	=== Appendix 5. ISAG recommended microsatellites for parentage verification in cattle ===		=== Appendix 5. ISAG recommended microsatellites for parentage verification in cattle ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/03-Annex-III-ISAG-microsatellites.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the list of ISAG recommended microsatellites for parentage verification in cattle.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/03-Annex-III-ISAG-microsatellites.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the list of ISAG recommended microsatellites for parentage verification in cattle.

	=== Appendix 6. Rules for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle ===		=== Appendix 6. Rules for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/01-Annex-I-guidelines-microsats-STRs.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the rules for microsatellite-based parentage verification in cattle.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/01-Annex-I-guidelines-microsats-STRs.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the rules for microsatellite-based parentage verification in cattle.

	=== Appendix 7. List of approved SNP for parentage verification in cattle ===		=== Appendix 7. List of approved SNP for parentage verification in cattle ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App7-SNP-list-for-parentage-verification.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the ICAR approved list of 200 SNP for parentage verification in cattle.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App7-SNP-list-for-parentage-verification.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the ICAR approved list of 200 SNP for parentage verification in cattle.

	=== Appendix 8. Application form for organizations seeking ICAR parentage analysis certification for DNA data interpretation centres ===		=== Appendix 8. Application form for organizations seeking ICAR parentage analysis certification for DNA data interpretation centres ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/6-Annex-V-Application-Form-forICAR-Accreditation-of-DNA-Centres.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the application form for organizations seeking ICAR certification status as a DNA data interpretation centre.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/6-Annex-V-Application-Form-forICAR-Accreditation-of-DNA-Centres.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the application form for organizations seeking ICAR certification status as a DNA data interpretation centre.

	=== Appendix 9. Applicant's Guide for ICAR Parentage Analysis certification for DNA Data Interpretation Centres ===		=== Appendix 9. Applicant's Guide for ICAR Parentage Analysis certification for DNA Data Interpretation Centres ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/index.php/certifications/dna-certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/two-new-dna-based-services/dna-data-interpretation-centres/ here] on the ICAR website for the Applicant's Guide for ICAR Parentage Analysis certification for DNA Data Interpretation Centres.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/index.php/certifications/dna-certifications/certification-and-accreditation-of-dna-genetic-laboratories/two-new-dna-based-services/dna-data-interpretation-centres/ here] on the ICAR website for the Applicant's Guide for ICAR Parentage Analysis certification for DNA Data Interpretation Centres.

	=== Appendix 10. ICAR Guidelines for Parentage Verification and Parentage Discovery Based on SNP Genotypes ===		=== Appendix 10. ICAR Guidelines for Parentage Verification and Parentage Discovery Based on SNP Genotypes ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/Documents/GenoEx/ICAR%20Guidelines%20for%20Parentage%20Verification%20and%20Parentage%20Discovery%20based%20on%20SNP.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the ICAR Guidelines for Parentage Verification and Parentage Discovery Based on SNP Genotypes.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/Documents/GenoEx/ICAR%20Guidelines%20for%20Parentage%20Verification%20and%20Parentage%20Discovery%20based%20on%20SNP.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the ICAR Guidelines for Parentage Verification and Parentage Discovery Based on SNP Genotypes.

	=== Appendix 11. List of SNP to be used for either parentage verification or parentage discovery ===		=== Appendix 11. List of SNP to be used for either parentage verification or parentage discovery ===
	Please refer [https://~~www~~.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-11-SNP-list-for-parentage-verification-or-discovery.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the list of SNP to be used for either parentage verification or parentage discovery.		Please refer [https://old.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-11-SNP-list-for-parentage-verification-or-discovery.pdf here] on the ICAR website for the list of SNP to be used for either parentage verification or parentage discovery.
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