Section 20: Portable Accumulation Chamber - Revision history

Cvangemert: Cvangemert moved page Portable Accumulation Chamber to Section 20: Portable Accumulation Chamber

2026-02-18T07:44:38Z

Cvangemert moved page Portable Accumulation Chamber to Section 20: Portable Accumulation Chamber

← Older revision	Revision as of 07:44, 18 February 2026
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Cvangemert: /* References */

2025-10-29T10:26:27Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:26, 29 October 2025
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	<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG).		<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG). <references />

	~~== References ==~~
	<references />

Cvangemert: /* Genetic parameters */

2025-09-11T08:04:19Z

Genetic parameters

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	\|}		\|}
	<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG). <references />		<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG).

			== References ==
			<references />

Cvangemert: /* References */

2025-09-11T08:03:55Z

References

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	\|}		\|}
	<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG).		<sup>1</sup>Species are defined as Dairy Sheep (DS), Meat Sheep (MS) and Dairy Goat (DG). <references />

	~~== References ==~~
	<references />

Cvangemert: Lay-out changes

2025-09-05T07:42:51Z

Lay-out changes

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Cvangemert: /* Eagle 2 */

2025-09-04T07:34:51Z

Eagle 2

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 4 September 2025
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	== Eagle 2 ==		== Eagle 2 ==
			[[File:Eagle 2 with tube.png\|right\|frameless\|282x282px]]
	Eagle 2 Gas analyser [https://www.rkiinstruments.com/ RKI Instruments], this device is often used to measure the following from the PACs:		Eagle 2 Gas analyser [https://www.rkiinstruments.com/ RKI Instruments], this device is often used to measure the following from the PACs:

	* CH<sub>4</sub> (methane) concentration in ppm ''(ensure scale set to ppm by pushing the “range-shift" button until ppm comes up.''		* CH<sub>4</sub> (methane) concentration in ppm ''(ensure scale set to ppm by pushing the “range-shift" button until ppm comes up.''

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	== Daily start up ==		== Daily start up ==
			[[File:Eagle 2 probe open.png\|thumb\|248x248px\|Probe unscrewed; conical filter in the middle; membrane paper filter closest to base.]]
	Before starting the Eagle check the filters within the probe. These are in the circular region of the probe. Check the conical filter is dry and clean by unscrewing the middle section. Change the circular membrane paper filter at the start of each day & as needed throughout the day. Membrane paper filter is seated at the base of the probe closest to the black rubber tubing.		Before starting the Eagle check the filters within the probe. These are in the circular region of the probe. Check the conical filter is dry and clean by unscrewing the middle section. Change the circular membrane paper filter at the start of each day & as needed throughout the day. Membrane paper filter is seated at the base of the probe closest to the black rubber tubing.

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	===== Setting up the trailer =====		===== Setting up the trailer =====
	The chambers should be operated out of direct sunlight where possible to avoid heating up excessively while sheep are inside. If the chamber temperature gets above 30 °C let the animal out. The trailer should be as level as possible.		The chambers should be operated out of direct sunlight where possible to avoid heating up excessively while sheep are inside. If the chamber temperature gets above 30 °C let the animal out. The trailer should be as level as possible.
			[[File:PAC chamber door open.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|PAC chamber door opened]]

	==== Day of Measurements ====		==== Day of Measurements ====
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	==== Measurements ====		==== Measurements ====
			[[File:PAC gas tab open.png\|thumb\|243x243px\|Gas valve opened]]
	Immediately prior to starting measurements, the air temperature and pressure outside the chambers should be recorded. Animals are located close to the chambers (trailer) set up and pushed into the chamber when the door to the chamber is open. The animals enters the chambers; the door is fastened closed. Upon the animal entering the chamber check that the pressure gauge on top of the chamber changes to reflect that a seal has been obtained. The first reading is taken immediately after the animals enter by inserting the Eagle 2 probe into the gas valve on the top of the chamber and opening the valve. After 30 seconds the reading should have stabilized and is recorded using a data recording on the XR. The values should be: 0ppm CH<sub>4</sub>; 20,9% O; 0% CO<sub>2.</sub>		Immediately prior to starting measurements, the air temperature and pressure outside the chambers should be recorded. Animals are located close to the chambers (trailer) set up and pushed into the chamber when the door to the chamber is open. The animals enters the chambers; the door is fastened closed. Upon the animal entering the chamber check that the pressure gauge on top of the chamber changes to reflect that a seal has been obtained. The first reading is taken immediately after the animals enter by inserting the Eagle 2 probe into the gas valve on the top of the chamber and opening the valve. After 30 seconds the reading should have stabilized and is recorded using a data recording on the XR. The values should be: 0ppm CH<sub>4</sub>; 20,9% O; 0% CO<sub>2.</sub>

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	=== Cleaning of the chambers ===		=== Cleaning of the chambers ===
			[[File:Gas vent and hose inside chamber.png\|left\|thumb\|209x209px\|Drainage system and gas vent inside PAC]]
			[[File:PAc waste gas extraction tab open.png\|thumb\|201x201px\|Waste gas extraction system; tab opened]]

	==== Between groups ====		==== Between groups ====
	The chambers have a gas extraction vacuum fan that is used to remove all residual gases from each chamber. This has to be done prior to the entry of the next animal to be measured.		The chambers have a gas extraction vacuum fan that is used to remove all residual gases from each chamber. This has to be done prior to the entry of the next animal to be measured.

	To operate the waste gas extraction fan, turn on the power once the final reading has been taken & open the door on the first chamber~~, let~~ the animal out of chamber leave the door open and turn on red tap at top of chamber. Leave on for a minimum of 30 seconds and make sure tap is closed when loading the next lot.		To operate the waste gas extraction fan, turn on the power once the final reading has been taken & open the door on the first chamber. Let the animal out of chamber, leave the door open and turn on red tap at top of chamber. Leave on for a minimum of 30 seconds and make sure tap is closed when loading the next lot.

	In addition to removing the gases the chamber is also hosed out with a water blaster in preparation for the next animal. There is a drainage system at the rear of the chamber where water and waste drains from, plus any large amounts of waste are removed with a small spade.		In addition to removing the gases the chamber is also hosed out with a water blaster in preparation for the next animal. There is a drainage system at the rear of the chamber where water and waste drains from, plus any large amounts of waste are removed with a small spade.

Cvangemert: /* Introduction */

2025-09-01T11:46:04Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 1 September 2025
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH<sub>4</sub> emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH<sub>4</sub>, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018)<ref name=":0">Jonker, A., Hickey, S.M., Rowe, S.J., Janssen, P.H., Shackell, G., Elmes, S., Bain, W.E., Wing, J., Greer, G.J., Bryson, B., MacLean, S., Dodds, K.G., Pinares-Patiño, C.S., Young, E.A., Knowler, K. Pickering, N.K., and McEwan, J.C. 2018. Genetic parameters of methane emissions determined using portable accumulation chambers in lambs and ewes grazing pasture and genetic correlations with emissions determined in respiration chambers. J. Anim. Sci. 96:3031-3042. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky187.</ref>. Currently PACs are mostly used for small ruminants, but there are trials underway for using larger cabins for large ruminants.		In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH<sub>4</sub> emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH<sub>4</sub>, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018)<ref name=":0">Jonker, A., Hickey, S.M., Rowe, S.J., Janssen, P.H., Shackell, G., Elmes, S., Bain, W.E., Wing, J., Greer, G.J., Bryson, B., MacLean, S., Dodds, K.G., Pinares-Patiño, C.S., Young, E.A., Knowler, K. Pickering, N.K., and McEwan, J.C. 2018. Genetic parameters of methane emissions determined using portable accumulation chambers in lambs and ewes grazing pasture and genetic correlations with emissions determined in respiration chambers. J. Anim. Sci. 96:3031-3042. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky187.</ref>. Currently PACs are mostly used for small ruminants, but there are trials underway for using larger cabins for large ruminants. In general the same protocols described here for small ruminants are also applied in the trials with large ruminants.

	== Eagle 2 ==		== Eagle 2 ==

Cvangemert at 12:34, 4 August 2025

2025-08-04T12:34:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:34, 4 August 2025
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	== Eagle 2 ==		== Eagle 2 ==
	Eagle 2 Gas analyser RKI Instruments, this device is often used to measure the following from the PACs:		Eagle 2 Gas analyser [https://www.rkiinstruments.com/ RKI Instruments], this device is often used to measure the following from the PACs:

	* CH<sub>4</sub> (methane) concentration in ppm ''(ensure scale set to ppm by pushing the “range-shift" button until ppm comes up.''		* CH<sub>4</sub> (methane) concentration in ppm ''(ensure scale set to ppm by pushing the “range-shift" button until ppm comes up.''
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	== Protocols on experimental farms ==		== Protocols on experimental farms ==

	=== INIA - Uruguay - meat sheep ===		=== [https://www.inia.es/en-en/aboutus/whoweare/Pages/Home.aspx INIA] - Uruguay - meat sheep ===
	Below a protocol for using PACs to measure meat sheep from INIA in Uruguay.		Below a protocol for using PACs to measure meat sheep from INIA in Uruguay.

Cvangemert: PAC additions

2025-08-04T12:30:47Z

PAC additions

Show changes

Bgolden at 10:46, 2 May 2025

2025-05-02T10:46:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 2 May 2025
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	</b>		</b>
	</big>		</big>
			</center>

	In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH<sub>4</sub> emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH<sub>4</sub>, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018)<ref>Jonker, A., Hickey, S.M., Rowe, S.J., Janssen, P.H., Shackell, G., Elmes, S., Bain, W.E., Wing, J., Greer, G.J., Bryson, B., MacLean, S., Dodds, K.G., Pinares-Patiño, C.S., Young, E.A., Knowler, K. Pickering, N.K., and McEwan, J.C. 2018. Genetic parameters of methane emissions determined using portable accumulation chambers in lambs and ewes grazing pasture and genetic correlations with emissions determined in respiration chambers. J. Anim. Sci. 96:3031-3042. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky187.</ref>.		In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH<sub>4</sub> emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH<sub>4</sub>, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018)<ref>Jonker, A., Hickey, S.M., Rowe, S.J., Janssen, P.H., Shackell, G., Elmes, S., Bain, W.E., Wing, J., Greer, G.J., Bryson, B., MacLean, S., Dodds, K.G., Pinares-Patiño, C.S., Young, E.A., Knowler, K. Pickering, N.K., and McEwan, J.C. 2018. Genetic parameters of methane emissions determined using portable accumulation chambers in lambs and ewes grazing pasture and genetic correlations with emissions determined in respiration chambers. J. Anim. Sci. 96:3031-3042. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky187.</ref>.