All public logs

Combined display of all available logs of ICAR Wiki. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 20:31, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page NDIR vs LMD (Created page with "Both methods are low invasive. LMD needs larger labor force, wheras NDIR can be used during milking and feeding. According to Rey at al. (2019), the repeatability of the CH4 concentration was greater for NDIR (0.42) than for LMD (0.23). Correlation between methods was moderately high and positive for CH4 concentration (0.73 and 0.74,respectively) and number of peaks (0.72 and 0.72, respectively), and the repeated measures correlation and the individual-level correlation...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:30, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Breath sampling during milking and feeding vs Respiration chamber (Created page with "For large-scale evaluation of CH4 emissions by individual animals, breath-sampling methods have significant advantages compared with other methods. Breath-sampling methods are non-invasive because, once installed, animals are unaware of the equipment and are in their normal environment. Animals follow their normal routine, which includes milking and feeding, so no training of animals, handling, or change of diet is required. Equipment is relatively cheap, although more e...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:29, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page SF6 vs Respiration chamber (Created page with "For large-scale evaluation of CH4 emissions by individual animals, the SF6 technique is more useful than respiration chambers. Animal behaviour and intake might be affected by wearing the apparatus, and by daily handling to exchange canisters, but the technique is considerably less intrusive than respiration chambers because cows remain in the herd. Labour and monetary costs for changing canisters each day and for lab analysis are high. Throughput is limited by the numbe...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:22, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Conclusions (Created page with "Measuring CH4 emission on large numbers of cows is a challenge. The high costs and low throughput of RC restrict their use to research studies measuring CH4 emissions on small numbers of individual animals. Respiration chambers remain the gold standard method, but benchmarking alternative methods against RC is challenging because simultaneous replicate measures per cow are not feasible. Methods like SF6 and GreenFeed require lower capital investment and running costs tha...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:21, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Merging and sharing data in genetic evaluations (Created page with "Early 2016 an attempt to make cross country evaluations of CH4 emissions from Holstein dairy cattle was initiated. The work was based on data from NL, DK, AUS, UK and IR. In total, 12,820 weekly CH4 emission records from 2,857 cows were available. Although different equipment was used across countries to measure CH4 emissions, the research aimed to define similar CH4 output phenotypes in each country. The analysed CH4 traits, that are available in each country, are (1) C...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:19, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Recommendations (Created page with "The most important question: what method to use if you need to measure CH4? The answer may be: it depends on what you like to do. In the Table 7 we summarize some experimental conditions and designs, and make recommendations. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Experimental condition and design !Methane measurement method recommendation |- |Need to measure absolute methane values – animal numbers and location not important |Respiration chamber; SF6; GreenFeed |- |Need to rank ani...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:14, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Methane measuring methods (Created page with "Several factors influence the choice of measurement method such as cost, level of accuracy, precision, scope of application, and scale, which vary across disciplines (Cassandro et al., 2013; Hammond et al., 2016A; Garnsworthy et al., 2019). For instance, genetic selection programs require CH4 measurements on thousands of related individuals under the environmental conditions in which the animals are expected to perform (Falconer and Mackay, 1996). This can be challenging...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:14, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Laser Methane Detector (Created page with "The laser CH4 detector (LMD) is a highly responsive, hand-held device that is pointed at an animal’s nostrils and measures CH4 column density along the length of the laser beam (ppm.m). In the first implementation of LMD on a farm, measurements for each cow were taken over periods of 15 to 25 seconds between eructation events and could detect CH4 emitted each time the animal breathed out (Chagunda et al., 2009 Sorg et al., 2016, 2017). In a later study with sheep and b...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:12, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Greenfeed (Created page with "GreenFeed (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, South Dakota, USA) is a sniffer system where breath samples are provided when animals visit a bait station (Huhtanen et al., 2015). GreenFeed Emission Monitoring (GEM) systems are designed for measuring animal emissions in their production environment. As with other sniffer systems, GreenFeed samples breath from individual animals several times (in general 4 to 6 times) per day for short periods (3 to 7 minutes in which an under press...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:11, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Breath sampling during milk and feeding (Created page with "Several research groups have developed methods to measure CH4 concentration in breath of cows during milking and/or feeding. These are often referred to as ‘sniffer methods’ because they use devices originally designed to detect dangerous gas leaks. Air is sampled near the animal’s nostrils through a tube fixed in a feed bin and connected directly to a gas analyser. The feed bin might be in an automatic milking station (Garnsworthy et al., 2012A, B; Lassen et al.,...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:10, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page SF6 (Created page with "The SF6 technique samples breath over 24 hours, whereas other techniques use spot samples of breath over periods of minutes throughout the day, so diurnal variation has to be considered. The majority of CH4 (87-99%) is released by eructation (Blaxter and Joyce, 1963; Murray et al., 1976), which provides a clear signal for sample processing. Please note that the tracheostomy used in Murray et al. (1976) may have resulted in a higher percentage, but in both publications,...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:08, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Portable Accumulation Chamber (Created page with "In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH4 emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH4, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018).") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:07, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page PortableAccumulationChamber (Created page with "In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH4 emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH4, but only during 1 hour. For a detailed comparison of the PAC and respiration chamber methods see Jonker et al. (2018).") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:04, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Respiration chamber (Created page with "Respiration chambers are calibrated to be accurate and precise, and are the gold standard for benchmarking new methods. Only respiration chambers measure total emissions from the animal via the oral, nasal and anal routes; all other methods ignore emissions via the anus and only measure CH4 emitted in breath. Breath measurements are justified because 99% of CH4 is emitted from the mouth and nostrils, and only 1% via the anus (Murray et al., 1976). A single animal (or occ...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:57, 14 February 2024 Lbenzoni talk contribs created page Methane determining factors (Created page with "===DIET AND RUMEN MICROBIOTA=== Table 1 contains a list of dietary or microbiota factors that determine CH₄ production. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Factors !Reference |- |The main determinants of daily methane production are dry matter intake and diet composition: the more feed consumed, and/or the greater the fibre content of the diet, the more methane is produced per day. However, per unit of DMI, and per unit of fat+protein yield the grass diet produced less e...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:17, 12 February 2024 Rstephansen talk contribs created page Feed and Gas Working Group (Created page with "== Objectives of the Feed and Gas Working Group == The objectives of the Feed and Gas Working Groups are to: # Provide a forum for members of ICAR and associated researchers to  collaborate, exchange information and learn from each other on all aspects of: recording and using dry matter intake data, and recording and using methane outputs data. # Maintain, update, promote and extend universal guidelines for recording dry matter intake and methane output in cattle, shee...") Tag: Visual edit
• 10:53, 9 February 2024 Rstephansen talk contribs created page File:Image AU.png
• 10:53, 9 February 2024 Rstephansen talk contribs uploaded File:Image AU.png
• 09:19, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs set the upload from Mon, 29 Jan 2024 09:19:39 GMT as the approved revision for "File:ICAR logo.png"
• 09:19, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page File:ICAR logo.png
• 09:19, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs uploaded File:ICAR logo.png
• 09:18, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs set the upload from Mon, 29 Jan 2024 09:18:43 GMT as the approved revision for "File:René van der Linde.jpg"
• 09:18, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page File:René van der Linde.jpg
• 09:18, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs uploaded File:René van der Linde.jpg
• 09:13, 29 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page User:Rene (Created page with "ICAR SENIOR PROJECTS EXECUTIVE") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:53, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Appendix B Alkane Feed intake technique Piacenza, Italy (Created page with "Estimation of individual feed intake is carried out utilising all cows in a group (maximum 50 cows). Cows are fed a Total Mixed Ration, fed ad libitum, with about 3-5 % refusals. Feed intake is estimated adopting the alkane technique. A fixed amount of C32 Dotriacontane dispersed in 50 g of corn meal is included in a bolus and gun dosed to dairy cows at feeding time. The first day, a double dose of the marker is dosed. After 7 days of administration of the marker, faece...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:51, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Appendix A: Standard Operating Procedure Nottingham (Created page with "Dry Matter Determination of Feed and Faecal Samples. == Equipment required: == # Oven set at 80°C # Foil trays (ensure they are a suitable size for the sample you have) # Balance (PAT tested) # Lab coat and gloves # Heatproof safety gloves == Method: == # Zero balance. # Weigh empty foil tray and record the weight. # Add your sample to the foil tray DO NOT zero the balance before adding your sample. # Record the weight of sample + foil. # For faecal samples a single...")
• 14:48, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Acknowledgements (Created page with "This document is the result of the ICAR Feed and Gas Working Group and its industry and research liaison group. The members of the ICAR Feed and Gas Working Group at the time of publication are, in alphabetical order: * Christine Baes, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Canada and Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland * Yvette de Haas, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research * Raffaella Finocch...")
• 14:38, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Feed efficiency in the breeding goal (Created page with "At first sight, the inclusion of feed intake or efficiency in the breeding goal may seem a relatively simple matter. The goal is more milk with less feed. Several factors, however, complicate the inclusion of feed intake or efficiency in a balanced breeding goal (Veerkamp et al., 2013). Life-time feed efficiency, as well as including milk performance and feed intake, must also consider longevity, reproductive performance, days dry, and body weight when slaughtered (inco...")
• 14:35, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Proxies for feed intake (Created page with "Regardless of international collaboration, recording of feed intake will always be a limiting factor for accurate breeding values.<ref>Veerkamp, R.F., Pryce, J.E., Spurlock, D., Berry, D., Coffey, M., Løvendahl, P., van der Linde, R., Bryant, J., Miglior, F., Wang, Z., Winters, M., Krattenmacher, N., Charfeddine, N., Pedersen, J., de Haas, Y. 2013. Selection on feed intake or feed efficiency: A position paper from gDMI breeding goal discussions. INTERBULL BULLETIN NO. 4...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:21, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Merging and sharing data in genetic evaluations (Created page with "To increase the accuracy, it is important that feed intake records are collected on animals as closely related to the selection candidates as possible. A large genetic distance between historical data and current selection candidates is therefore a disadvantage. Also, the genetic connectedness between contemporary groups, through common sires, is important to separate the permanent environmental and genetic effects in the data. With many small, disconnected nutritional e...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:16, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Genotyping and imputation (Created page with "One of the issues with combining data from research herds for genomic analysis is that different SNP chips may be used for each experiment. Fortunately, most of the commercially available SNP chips have many SNP in common, so a set of common SNPs can generally be identified. Another option is to impute genotypes from a low density to a higher one (e.g. from 50K to 777K (HD)), which may be advantageous for some (Bayesian) approaches for genomic prediction. This strategy r...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:10, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Feeding system (Created page with "The diet fed to the cows should be balanced to meet requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, and feeding a well-mixed TMR using silages or other wet feeds is likely to minimize sorting. If the feed is dry, such as a dry cubed feed, it can be important to measure the %DM in the refused feed separately. Common practice is that the diet is fed ad libitum, but there is little known about the effects of not doing so. The diet should be comparable to that fed...") Tag: Visual edit
• 01:40, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Lactation period (Created page with "deally feed intake should be measured across the lifetime of an animal. This is not realistic and often only short periods of recording are available. In lactating animals, it might be of particular importance to consider the period that feed intake is measured. Cows might compensate a more negative energy balance in early lactation by a higher intake during late lactation. Hence, biological feed intake might be a different trait during different parts of the lactation,...")
• 01:36, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Bulls, cows and young stock (Created page with "Recording on milking cows might be difficult, and practically it might be easier to record feed intake on young stock or bulls. Genetic correlations of these non-lactating animals with lactating animals were above 0.74 (Nieuwhof et al., 1992) indicating that more than 50% of the genetic variation among lactating animals can be observed in the non-lactating animals. In Australia and New Zealand, RFI was calculated for growing heifers. The extremes (top and bottom 10%) wer...")
• 01:33, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Additional recording (Created page with "In addition to recording feed intake, it seems obvious that cow identification and pedigree must be recorded for genetic analysis. However, nutritional experiments often use their own anonymous local identification number for cows, which makes it hard to trace the cow back to a national pedigree register. Ideally a DNA, or a hair or blood sample, should be collected from each cow to allow subsequent genotyping. Other traits that should be considered for weekly recording...")
• 01:29, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Number animals per bin (Created page with "The behaviour of the animal has influence on how they should be held. Cows are diurnal animals; they prefer to synchronise their behaviour. This has influence on how much space they need while eating. Enough space needs to be available so that natural cow behaviour is not affected. The number of animals per bin is also influenced by the amount of feed that is given to the animals. Cows can be fed a set amount of feed, which is often done on farms, or ad libitum, which i...")
• 00:43, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Chemical analysis (Created page with " In these guidelines only the determination of dry matter content is discussed. Determination of DM is a relatively simple and quick process that can be done easily . The most common way that moisture is determined is through evaporation of water from the feed, leaving only the dry contents behind. However, there are also electronic methods that have been used to determine moisture content of feeds. Dry matter can be determined using: Forced Air Oven, Koster Tester, Micr...")
• 00:36, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Calibration (Created page with "Calibration of a scale is essential to keep measurements accurate. Scales have to be calibrated regulary to make sure that problems in the scales will not have influence on your measurements. How often to calibrate is dependent on multiple factors: manufacturers recommendation, how often the scale is used, the environment the scale is in, and how detailed your observation has to be (Precision Solution Inc., 2018). When calibrating scales for feed it is important to measu...")
• 00:13, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Recording intake indoors and at pasture (Created page with "The minimal requirement for recording individual feed intake is the amount of fresh feed offered and refused per cow per day, with the associated dry matter percentage. Direct measurement of stalled cows is straightforward, but contamination of refused feed by drinking water must be prevented, and stalled cows may not behave in the same way as cows in freestalls. Also, measurement of concentrates is relatively easy, since concentrate are often dispersed in limited and fi...")
• 00:09, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Setting up optimal data recording (Created page with " When starting to collect feed intake records, an important question is how to optimize the “number of gate-days per year” by “number of cows x recording period per cow”? The number of cows can be established by the theoretical prediction from Daetwyler et al. (2008). The actual accuracy obtained with cross validation when records were used within country follows this pattern closely (Figure 2). In this example, empirical accuracies were slightly higher than theo...")
• 23:51, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Utilizing existing feed intake data (Created page with " Worldwide, there are relatively few designed experiments specifically suited for genetic analysis of feed intake (and related traits). Examples are, the long term experiment at the Scottish Agricultural College (now SRUC) Dairy Research Centre based at Langhill herd, Edinburgh (Pryce et al., 1999, Veerkamp, 1996), the experiment at the Dutch farm ‘t Gen (Lelystad, the Netherlands) (Veerkamp et al., 2000), the data collection at the dairy research farm Karkendamm of th...")
• 23:49, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs moved page Feed Intake: Definitions and Terminology to Feed Intake: Definitions, Terminology, and Scope without leaving a redirect
• 23:47, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs moved page FeedIntake: Definitions and Terminology to Feed Intake: Definitions and Terminology without leaving a redirect
• 23:46, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Recording Feed Intake for Genetic Evaluation (Created page with "The widespread use of genomic information in dairy cattle breeding programs has presented the opportunity to select for feed intake and feed efficiency. This is because animals from research herds can be used as a reference population to calibrate a genomic prediction equation, which is then used to predict the breeding values for selection candidates based on their own genotype. Phenotypes for feed intake, however, are still an important limiting factor for obtaining hi...")
• 23:46, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page FeedIntake: Definitions and Terminology (Created page with "Table 1 contains a list of important definitions for terms and abbreviations used in Guidelines for Recording Feed Intake for Genetic Evaluation. <center> {|class="wikitable" |+''Table 1. Definitions of Terms used in these guidelines.'' |- !| Term !| Definition |- | DM | Dry matter |- | DMI | Dry matter intake |- | EID | Electronic identification device |- | PMR | Partly...")
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:45:44 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg"
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs uploaded File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:32:46 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"