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• 11:08, 10 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs created page File:S5-Appendix1-Fig.1.jpg
• 11:08, 10 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs uploaded File:S5-Appendix1-Fig.1.jpg
• 12:11, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set the upload from Thu, 09 Jan 2025 12:11:42 GMT as the approved revision for "File:Section 5-Scheme for evaluation trait by classifier using genetic parameters.JPG"
• 12:11, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs created page File:Section 5-Scheme for evaluation trait by classifier using genetic parameters.JPG
• 12:11, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs uploaded File:Section 5-Scheme for evaluation trait by classifier using genetic parameters.JPG
• 12:05, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3965 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 12:04, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3963 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 12:04, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3965 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 12:04, 9 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3963 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:06, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3962 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:06, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3961 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:06, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3962 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:05, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3963 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:05, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3961 as the approved revision for "Section 05 – Conformation Recording"
• 13:03, 6 January 2025 Cmosconi talk contribs set 3354 as the approved revision for "Guidelines"
• 18:11, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Breath sampling during milk and feeding (content was: "Several research groups have developed methods to measure CH₄ concentration in breath of cows during milking and/or feeding. These are often referred to as ‘sniffer methods’ because they use devices originally designed to detect dangerous gas leaks. Air is sampled near the animal’s nostrils through a tube fixed in a feed bin and connected directly to a gas...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:51, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page SF6 vs Respiration chamber (content was: "For large-scale evaluation of CH4 emissions by individual animals, the SF6 technique is more useful than respiration chambers. Animal behaviour and intake might be affected by wearing the apparatus, and by daily handling to exchange canisters, but the technique is considerably less intrusive than respiration chambers because cows remain in the herd. Labour and monetary cost...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:51, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page SF6 (content was: "The SF6 technique samples breath over 24 hours, whereas other techniques use spot samples of breath over periods of minutes throughout the day, so diurnal variation has to be considered. The majority of CH₄ (87-99%) is released by eructation (Blaxter and Joyce, 1963<ref>Blaxter, K.L., and Joyce, J.P. 1963. The accuracy and ease with which measurements of respirat...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:51, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Respiration chamber (content was: "Respiration chambers are calibrated to be accurate and precise, and are the gold standard for benchmarking new methods. Only respiration chambers measure total emissions from the animal via the oral, nasal and anal routes; all other methods ignore emissions via the anus and only measure CH₄ emitted in breath. Breath measurements are justified because 99% of CH<su...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:48, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Recommendations (content was: "The most important question: what method to use if you need to measure CH₄? The answer may be: it depends on what you like to do. In the Table 7 we summarize some experimental conditions and designs, and make recommendations. <center> {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | ''Table 7. Recommendations for measuring methane in diverse experimental conditions and designs. '' |- style="background-color:#efefef;" |+ !Experimental condition and design !Methane measurement...")
• 17:47, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Proxies Discussion (content was: "The greatest limitation of proxies today is the lack of robustness in their general applicability. Future efforts should therefore be directed towards developing combinations of proxies that are robust and applicable across diverse production systems and environments. Here we present the present status of the knowledge of proxies and their predictive value for CH<sub>4</sub...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:46, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Proxies (content was: "== Introduction == Large-scale measurements of enteric CH₄ emissions from dairy cows are needed for effective monitoring of strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of milk production, as well as for incorporation of CH₄ emissions into breeding programs. However, measurements on a sufficiently large scale are difficult and expensive. Proxies for CH<su...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:46, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Pro's and con's of devices (content was: "== Daily methane emission measures == Due to the large diurnal variation in enteric CH₄ emission in relation with feeding pattern (Grainger et al., 2007<ref>Grainger, C., Clarke, T., McGinn, S.M., Auldist, M.J., Beauchemin, K.A., Hannah, M.C., Waghorn, G.C., Clark, H., and Eckard, R J. 2007. Methane emissions from dairy cows measured using the sulfur hexafluoride...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:45, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Portable Accumulation Chamber (content was: "In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH₄ emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH₄,...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:43, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page PortableAccumulationChamber (content was: "In Australia and New Zealand an alternative method was developed for the short-term measurement of Methane Production Rate (MPR) of sheep using Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) during 1 hour without leading discomfort to the animals. Similarly to RC, CH4 emissions recorded in PAC include gases from flatulence in addition to eructed and expired CH4, but only during 1 hou...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:43, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page NDIR vs LMD (content was: "Both methods are low invasive. LMD needs larger labor force, wheras NDIR can be used during milking and feeding. According to Rey at al. (2019), the repeatability of the CH4 concentration was greater for NDIR (0.42) than for LMD (0.23). Correlation between methods was moderately high and positive for CH4 concentration (0.73 and 0.74,respectively) and number of peaks (0.72 a...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:42, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Molecular Genetics (content was: "afj;", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:41, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Laser Methane Detector (content was: "The laser CH₄ detector (LMD) is a highly responsive, hand-held device that is pointed at an animal’s nostrils and measures CH₄ column density along the length of the laser beam (ppm.m). In the first implementation of LMD on a farm, measurements for each cow were taken over periods of 15 to 25 seconds between eructation events and could detect CH<sub>...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:40, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Greenfeed (content was: "GreenFeed (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, South Dakota, USA) is a sniffer system where breath samples are provided when animals visit a bait station (Huhtanen et al., 2015<ref name=":0">Huhtanen, P., Cabezas-Garcia, E.H., Utsumi, S., and Zimmerman, S. 2015. Comparison of methods to determine methane emissions from dairy cows in farm conditions. J. Dairy Sci. 98:3394–3409. doi:1...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:36, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Methane measuring methods (content was: "Several factors influence the choice of measurement method such as cost, level of accuracy, precision, scope of application, and scale, which vary across disciplines (Cassandro et al., 2013<ref>Cassandro, M. 2013. Comparing local and cosmopolitan cattle breeds on added values for milk and cheese production and their predicted methane emissions. Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales, available on CJO2013. doi:10.1017/S2078 6336120...")
• 17:33, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Merging and sharing data in genetic evaluations (content was: "Early 2016 an attempt to make cross country evaluations of CH₄ emissions from Holstein dairy cattle was initiated. The work was based on data from NL, DK, AUS, UK and IR. In total, 12,820 weekly CH₄ emission records from 2,857 cows were available. Although different equipment was used across countries to measure CH₄ emissions, the research a...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:29, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Methane determining factors (content was: "== Diet and rumen microbiota == Table 1 contains a list of dietary or microbiota factors that determine CH₄ production. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Factors !Reference |- |The main determinants of daily methane production are dry matter intake and diet composition: the more feed consumed, and/or the greater the fibre content of the diet, the more methane is produced...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:22, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Meat, reproduction and maternal trait in sheep and goats: Reproduction, maternal and lamb/kid survival traits (content was: "Maternal traits are typically either: 1. Measured directly on breeding females, 2. Measured on breeding males, or 3. Measured on offspring directly, and 4. Measured on offspring and the maternal genetic variance apportioned accordingly. * Ultrasonic scanning no. lambs/kids (1). * Number of lambs/kids born alive (1). * Number of lambs/kids born dead (1). * Number of lambs/kid...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:21, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Meat, reproduction and maternal trait in sheep and goats: Meat traits (content was: " == General considerations and rationale == Production of meat is the main product from sheep in many countries and a significant source of income from sheep and goat farming. As carcass traits are expressed post-mortem, predictors are used in vivo for carcass quality that are correlated to economically important post-slaughter measurements. These normally reflect what farmers...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:15, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Meat, reproduction and maternal trait in sheep and goats: Growth traits (content was: "== Introduction == Lamb/kids growth to weaning and post-weaning growth to slaughter is a key aspect of meat production systems. Adult size of sire and dam influence lamb and kid growth that follows the typical gompertz curve trajectory (Lambe ''et al''., 2006)<ref>Lambe, N.R., Navajas, E.A., Simm, G., Bünger, L. (2006). A genetic investigation of various growth models to desc...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:10, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Laser methane detector (content was: "The LMD can be used in the animal’s normal environment, although for consistency restraint is required during measurement. Because the LMD measures CH4 in the plume originating from the animal’s nostrils, results can be affected by factors such as: distance from the animal; pointing angle; animal’s head orientation and head movement; air movement and temperature in th...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:06, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page GreenFeed (content was: "A limitation of the GreenFeed system is that animals require training to use the system, although animals which have been trained to use the system will readily use it again (Velazco et al., 2014). However, some animals will not use the system or will use it infrequently, and frequency of visits is affected by diet (Hammond et al., 2016B). This can be a challenge when scree...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 16:58, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page General Rules: Supervision of milk recording (content was: "==Basic rules== # ICAR Members involved in farm animal recording shall establish a system of supervision and quality control. # ICAR Members demonstrate that they have sufficient supervision by registering their supervisory practices with the ICAR Secretariat and by reporting on the checks carried out in the year. ==Rules on supervisory practices== The supervision must ascerta...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 16:57, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page General Rules: Performance recording of milk (content was: "The ICAR Agreement (refer to the Preamble of the ICAR Guidelines) allows organisations a degree of freedom in deciding recording practices. ICAR recording methods are: {| class="wikitable" | '''Method A''' All the recordings are undertaken by an official representative of the Recording Organisation. This includes recordings undertaken by approved on farm syste...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 16:54, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page General Rules: Registration of recording methods (content was: "==Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services== Each member organisation is obliged to inform ICAR on recording methods used. ICAR should be informed, when the methods change. The description of the methods of recording should include the following items: ==Identification and parentage== # The method of recording the date of birth/breed and the se...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 16:45, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Utilizing existing feed intake data (content was: " Worldwide, there are relatively few designed experiments specifically suited for genetic analysis of feed intake (and related traits). Examples are, the long term experiment at the Scottish Agricultural College (now SRUC) Dairy Research Centre based at Langhill herd, Edinburgh<ref>Pryce, J.E., Nielsen, B.L., Veerkamp, R.F., and Simm, G. 1999. Genotype and feeding system effects and interactions for health and fertility traits in dairy cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 57:193-201.</re...")
• 16:44, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Setting up optimal data recording (content was: " When starting to collect feed intake records, an important question is how to optimize the “number of gate-days per year” by “number of cows x recording period per cow”? The number of cows can be established by the theoretical prediction from Daetwyler et al.<ref name="Daetwyler" /> The actual accuracy obtained with cross validation when records were used within count...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 16:42, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Recording intake indoors and at pasture (content was: "The minimal requirement for recording individual feed intake is the amount of fresh feed offered and refused per cow per day, with the associated dry matter percentage. Direct measurement of stalled cows is straightforward, but contamination of refused feed by drinking water must be prevented, and stalled cows may not behave in the same way as cows in freestalls. Also, measurement of concentrates is relatively easy, since concentrate are often dispersed in limited and fixed amo...")
• 16:40, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Proxies for feed intake (content was: "Regardless of international collaboration, recording of feed intake will always be a limiting factor for accurate breeding values.<ref>Veerkamp, R.F., Pryce, J.E., Spurlock, D., Berry, D., Coffey, M., Løvendahl, P., van der Linde, R., Bryant, J., Miglior, F., Wang, Z., Winters, M., Krattenmacher, N., Charfeddine, N., Pedersen, J., de Haas, Y. 2013. Selection on feed intake or feed efficiency: A position paper from gDMI breeding goal discussions. INTERBULL BULLETIN NO. 47. Nant...")
• 16:39, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Number animals per bin (content was: "The behaviour of the animal has influence on how they should be held. Cows are diurnal animals; they prefer to synchronise their behaviour. This has influence on how much space they need while eating. Enough space needs to be available so that natural cow behaviour is not affected. The number of animals per bin is also influenced by the amount of feed that is given to the animals. Cows can be fed a set amount of feed, which is often done on farms, or ad libitum, which is often...")
• 16:38, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Lactation period (content was: "Ideally, feed intake should be measured across the lifetime of an animal. This is not realistic and often only short periods of recording are available. In lactating animals, it might be of particular importance to consider the period that feed intake is measured. Cows might compensate a more negative energy balance in early lactation by a higher intake during late lactation. Hence, biological feed intake might be a different trait during different parts of the lactation, which...")
• 16:36, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Feeding system (content was: "The diet fed to the cows should be balanced to meet requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, and feeding a well-mixed TMR using silages or other wet feeds is likely to minimize sorting. If the feed is dry, such as a dry cubed feed, it can be important to measure the %dry matter in the refused feed separately. Common practice is that the diet is fed ad libitum, but there is little known about the effects of not doing so. The diet should be comparable to that fe...")
• 16:36, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Merging and sharing data in genetic evaluations (content was: "To increase the accuracy, it is important that feed intake records are collected on animals as closely related to the selection candidates as possible. A large genetic distance between historical data and current selection candidates is therefore a disadvantage. Also, the genetic connectedness between contemporary groups, through common sires, is important to separate the permanent environmental and genetic effects in the data. With many small, disconnected nutritional experime...")
• 16:32, 31 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Feed efficiency in the breeding goal (content was: "At first sight, the inclusion of feed intake or efficiency in the breeding goal may seem a relatively simple matter. The goal is more milk with less feed. Several factors, however, complicate the inclusion of feed intake or efficiency in a balanced breeding goal.<ref>Veerkamp, R.F., Pryce, J.E., Spurlock, D., Berry, D., Coffey, M., Løvendahl, P., van der Linde, R., Bryant, J., Miglior, F., Wang, Z., Winters, M., Krattenmacher, N., Charfeddine, N., Pedersen, J., de Haas, Y. 201...")
• 18:32, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Definitions, Terminology, and Scope (content was: "Table 1 contains a list of important definitions for terms and abbreviations used in Guidelines for Recording Feed Intake for Genetic Evaluation. <center> {|class="wikitable" |+''Table 1. Definitions of Terms used in these guidelines.'' |- !| Term !| Definition |- | DM | Dry matter...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))