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• 18:32, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Chemical analysis (content was: " In these guidelines only the determination of dry matter content is discussed. Determination of dry matter is a relatively simple and quick process that can be done easily . The most common way that moisture is determined is through evaporation of water from the feed, leaving only the dry contents behind. However, there are also electronic methods that have been used to determine moisture content of feeds. Dry matter can be determined using: Forced Air Oven, Koster Tester, Mic...")
• 18:31, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Calibration (content was: "Calibration of a scale is essential to keep measurements accurate. Scales have to be calibrated regulary to make sure that problems in the scales will not have influence on your measurements. How often to calibrate is dependent on multiple factors: manufacturers recommendation, how often the scale is used, the environment the scale is in, and how detailed your observation has to be <ref>Precision Solutions inc. (2018, June 28). Guide to Scale Calibration | How Often Should Cali...")
• 18:30, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Bulls, cows and young stock (content was: "Recording on milking cows might be difficult, and practically it might be easier to record feed intake on young stock or bulls. Genetic correlations of these non-lactating animals with lactating animals were above 0.74<ref>Nieuwhof, G.J., Van. Arendonk J.A.M., Vos, H., and Korver, S., 1992. Genetic relationships between feed intake, efficiency and production traits in growing bulls, growing heifers and lactating heifers. Livest. Prod. Sci. 32:189-202.</ref> indicating that more...")
• 18:30, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Additional recording (content was: "In addition to recording feed intake, it seems obvious that cow identification and pedigree must be recorded for genetic analysis. However, nutritional experiments often use their own anonymous local identification number for cows, which makes it hard to trace the cow back to a national pedigree register. Ideally a DNA, or a hair or blood sample, should be collected from each...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 18:29, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Feed Intake: Acknowledgements (content was: "This document is the result of the ICAR Feed and Gas Working Group and its industry and research liaison group. The members of the ICAR Feed and Gas Working Group at the time of publication are, in alphabetical order: * Christine Baes, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Canada and Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland *...", and the only contributor was "Bgolden" (talk))
• 18:25, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Documentation (content was: "== Documentation == Documentation is the precondition of use of fertility data for management and breeding purposes. Pre-requisite information: # Unique animal identification of both the cow and service sire. # Unique herd identification. # Ancestry or pedigree information (at the very least the cow's sire should be recorded). # Birth registration. # A central database (Often data is...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:23, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Data security (content was: "== Data security == Data security is a universally important issue when collecting and using field data. However, the central role of dairy cattle health in the context of animal welfare and consumer protection implies that farmers and veterinarians are obligated to maintain high-quality records, emphasizing the particular sensitivity of health data. The legal framework for use of hea...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:20, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Sheep and Goats: Milk recording in goats (content was: "= Milk recording in goats = The purpose of the present standards and guidelines is to provide results which can be applied for integrated selection schemes and for international exchange of animals and information. === Definitions of milk traits === The following situations therefore arise: ==== Milking from kidding ==== The goats are milked after kidding (once the colostral phase is over) as is usually the case with dairy cattle. File:Milking from kidding.png|center|thumb|...")
• 18:19, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Sheep and Goats: Annex 2. Dairy Sheep - lactation calculation clauses if milking from lambing (content was: "center|thumb|500x500px center|thumb|700x700px We recommend that the approved organisations define, for each breed and category of ewes (age or lactation number), a production of reference per lactation, with a standard lactation length close to the aver...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 18:19, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Sheep and Goats: Annex 1. Dairy Sheep - rules and standard obligations in all situations (content was: " = Annex 1. Dairy Sheep - rules and standard obligations in all situations = === Ewes to be controlled === Whenever there is (quantitative) milk recording for the recorded flock, all the ewes being exclusively milked (of the breeds or genotypes involved in the breeding programme) must be recorded i.e. milk recording is realised only when the ewe is definitively separated from...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 18:17, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Types and Sources of Data (content was: "== Types and sources of data == === Types of data === The collection of direct information on health and disease status of individual animals is preferable to collection of indirect information. However, population-wide collection of reliable health information may be easier to implement for indirect rather than direct measures of health. Analyses of health traits will probably benefi...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:17, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Trait Definition (content was: "== Trait definition == Most health incidents in dairy herds fit into a few major disease complexes (e.g., Heringstad ''et al''., 2007<ref>Heringstad, B., Klemetsdal, G., Steine, T., 2007. Selection responses for disease resistance in two selection experiments with Norwegian red cows. [https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-805 J. Dairy Sci. 90: 2419-2426].</ref>; Koeck ''et al''., 2010a<ref>...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:16, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Standardization of Recording (content was: "== Standardization of recording == In order to avoid misinterpretation of health information and facilitate analysis, a unique code should be used for recording each type of health incident. This code must fulfil the following conditions: # Clear definitions of the health incidents to be recorded, without opportunities for different interpretations. # Includes a broad spectrum of dise...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:12, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Keys to Long-Term Success (content was: "== Keys to long-term success == Regardless of the sources of health data included, long-term acceptance of the health recording system and success of the health improvement program will rely on the sustained motivation of all parties involved. To achieve this, frequent, honest, and open communications between the institutions responsible for storage and analysis of health data and peop...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:12, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Documentation (content was: "== Documentation == Minimum requirements for documentation: # Unique animal ID (ISO number). # Place of recording (unique ID of farm/herd). # Source of data (veterinarian, producer, expert group, others). # Date of health incident. # Type of health incident (standardized code for recording). Useful additional documentation: # Individual identification of the recording person. # Deta...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:10, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Data Security (content was: "== Data security == Data security is a universally important issue when collecting and using field data. However, the central role of dairy cattle health in the context of animal welfare and consumer protection implies that farmers and veterinarians are obligated to maintain high-quality records, emphasizing the particular sensitivity of health data. The legal framework for use of hea...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:09, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Health: Data Quality (content was: "== Data quality == === General quality checks === Mandatory information will be used for basic plausibility checks. Additional information can be used for more sophisticated and refined validation of health data when those data are available. # The recording farm must be registered to record and transmit health data. # If information on the person recording the data are provided, th...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 18:07, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Genetic Evaluation: Pre-evaluation steps (content was: "=== Introduction === All countries are recommended to establish national GES for all of their locally and internationally recognised breeds. Assignment of an animal to a specific breed is justified if 75% of the animal’s genes originate from that breed (or both sire and maternal grandsire are from the breed of evaluation). For the sake of international evaluation, bulls sho...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:51, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Genetic Evaluation: Post Evaluation steps (content was: " === Criteria for official publication of evaluation === In general, evaluation results should be accompanied by reliabilities for EBVs and considered as official for all animals entering national GES. For randomly sampled young bulls a minimum Effective Daughter Contribution (EDC, visit www.interbull.org for more information) of 10 is recommended. Official publications of ind...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:50, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Genetic Evaluation: International evaluation (content was: " === Comparison of animal evaluations === Data used for comparison of animal evaluations across countries or international genetic evaluations should be checked for possible errors and/or inconsistencies by the NGECs involved. International comparisons are recommended to utilize Interbull genetic evaluation results for all country-breed-trait combinations where such exists....", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:48, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Dairy Cattle Genetic Evaluation: Evaluation steps (content was: " === Statistical treatment and effects in the genetic evaluation model === Organisations responsible for national GES should strive for simplicity of the analysis model and avoid amendments that reduce simplicity and clarity of the analysis model. The best model should be decided upon considering the fit and predictive ability of the model. Decision on statistical treatments...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:45, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: Molecular Genetics (content was: " === Genetic Markers === Genetic markers are the fundamental molecular tools for genomics, even as the type of marker used has changed. The first genetic marker associations in livestock were reported using blood typing in the 1960s, the technology then moved to microsatellites (MS) in the 1990s and more recently to the use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). SNP and MS a...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:44, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: ICAR Services Related to DNA Technology (content was: "ICAR offers three services that are related to the use of DNA all of which are linked to parentage analysis in one form or another, as shown in Figure 1. ICAR DNA services., and describing them in more detail in the other sections. thumb|Figure 1. ICAR DNA services.|center")
• 17:43, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: ICAR Accreditation of Laboratories Providing DNA Genotyping Services (content was: " == Introduction == Considering the need for high quality standards in all uses of molecular data, ICAR has for several years offered an accreditation service based on defined minimum requirements for laboratories providing DNA genotyping services. The basic requirements of this accreditation include proof of the minimum internal management quality assurance standards and a Ra...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:42, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: Genotype Exchange Service – GenoEx-PSE (content was: "Effective 2018, ICAR has made available a genotype exchange service for parentage analysis, GenoEx-PSE, offered through the Interbull Centre. The main goal of this service is to facilitate the international exchange of SNP genotypes such that approved service users can carry out parentage analysis services at a national level in an efficient manner. The GenoEx-PSE database sys...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:41, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: Accreditation of Organisations Performing SNP-Based Parentage Analysis (content was: " === Introduction === With the advent of SNP genotyping, the function of DNA genotyping as a laboratory activity can be separated from the functions of performing parentage verification and parentage discovery. Consequently, ICAR has established a separate accreditation for applying the results of SNP-based genotyping, which may be undertaken by laboratories, breed association...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:39, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: Appendix list (content was: " === Appendix 1. Link to SNP markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification === https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-1-Cattle-SNP-ISAG-core-additional-panel-2013.xlsx === Appendix 2. Application form for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle === Please refer [https://www.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-II-Application-Form-for-STR-...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:39, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page DNA Technology: 6 Appendix list (content was: " == Appendix 1. Link to SNP markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification == https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/04-DNA-Technology-App-1-Cattle-SNP-ISAG-core-additional-panel-2013.xlsx == Appendix 2. Application form for microsatellite-based parentage testing in cattle == Please refer [https://www.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annex-II-Application-Form-for-STR-Accr...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:30, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Comparison of methods to measure methane (content was: "Correlations among methods Pro's and con's of devices", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 17:26, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Correlations among methods (content was: "Table 4 shows correlations between the respiratory chamber method as the gold standard to measure CH₄ emission from cows and other methods from Garnsworthy et al. (2019)<ref name=":0">Garnsworthy, P.C. Difford, G.F. Bell, M.J. Bayat, A.R. Huhtanen, P. Kuhla, B. Lassen, J. Peiren, N. Pszczola, M; Sorg, D. Visker, M.H., and Yan, T. 2019 Comparison of Methods to Measure Methane for Use in Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle. Animals 9:837, 12p.</ref>. <center> {| class="...")
• 17:25, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: Validity of the Certificate (content was: "The ICAR Certificate of quality is granted for five years, with the condition that a Consultative Review is conducted at mid-term. The final date of expiry is marked on the Certificate. Organisations with a valid certificate are listed on the ICAR website as Certified organisations. They also have the right to use the Certificate of Quality logo on all their documentation rela...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:23, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: The fields of activity available for certification (content was: "The fields of activity available for certification are determined by the EAG and updated in this Guideline whenever there are changes. Certification is possible in at least the following fields of activity: <ol style="list-style-type:number"> <li> Animal identification (cattle) </li> <li> Animal identification (other species) </li> <li> Milk recording (cattle) </li> <li> Beef...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:23, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: The expert advisory group (content was: "The ICAR Chief executive (CE) appoints a chairperson and members to the Expert advisory group on the ICAR Certificate of quality. The objectives of the CoQ EAG are to provide advice and recommendations to the ICAR Chief executive on: == The content of the CoQ programme == # Fields of Activity (FoA) to be audited # Content and relevance of the Questionnaires # Questions and c...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:22, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: Consultative review procedure (content was: "A consultative review is due 30 months after a certificate has been granted. Its purpose is to consult the changes made during the certification period. The consultative review process is largely similar to the audit process above, with a few changes. == Reminder == The ICAR Secretariat sends a reminder to any member holding a valid certificate 24 months after granting a cert...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:20, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: Certification requests (content was: "Any ICAR member can request certification by application to the ICAR Secretariat. The member decides which fields of activity they want to certify and states those fields of activity in the application, keeping in mind that activities performed outside the member organisation, or not practiced at the time of certification cannot be certified. The application forms are found in...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:17, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Certificate of Quality: Audit procedure (content was: " == Reminder == The ICAR Secretariat sends a reminder to any member holding a valid certificate 6 months before the expiry of the old certificate. The applicant may also apply without waiting for the reminder. == Application and prepayment == It is advisable that members apply for certification 6 months before the desired approval date. The application is sent to the ICAR Sec...", and the only contributor was "Aashish" (talk))
• 17:13, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Yield calculations (content was: "This section covers 24-hour yields and accumulated yields for milk, fat, protein and somatic cells. It also describes the procedure for acceptance of new methods not previously mentioned in the guidelines. The basic requirements for all calculation methods are that rounding shall only take place at the last step of the computation. === Lactation period === ==== Commencement of the l...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 17:13, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Traits to be recorded (content was: "== Traits to be recorded == In official milk recording, the following data have to be recorded, wherever available: #Identification of each cow in the herd, even if they remain in the herd for a very short time. #Birth date, sex, breed and parents of each animal when known. #All services and embryo flushings and transfers: date, recipient, sire, dam of the embryo. #All animal deaths an...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 17:10, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Standards and Guidelines for milk recording (content was: "===Standards and Guidelines for milk recording=== These standards and guidelines for milk recording are valid for all milking systems, including AMS where applicable. ====General Standards and Guidelines for milk recording==== #ICAR-approved (electronic) milk meters and sampling devices must be used on the recording day (see Procedure 1 of Section 11 - Guidelines for Testing, Approval...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 17:08, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Samples (content was: "== Representative sample == The milk sample has to represent the complete milking linked to it. This is achieved by mixing the milk thoroughly or pouring it into another vessel right before sampling. Sampling scheme P requires using a pipette for making the sample proportional between different milkings. With sampling scheme E, it is advisable to use a measuring cup to make sure the...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 17:06, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Reporting (content was: "This subsection covers reports, data files, statistics and calculated key figures provided to farmers for breeding and management purposes. It is recommended that farmers are given reports after each recording and at the end of the recording year or another longer recording period. These reports should contain data on both cow and herd level. In bigger herds, it is also advisable to p...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 17:03, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Recording method (content was: "===Recording Method=== The recording method for the herd consists of using five different symbols for: #Responsibility for the practical recording. #Sampling scheme. #Recording interval. #Sampling interval (if different from the above). #Number of milkings per day (especially any deviation from 2x milking). {| class="wikitable" |+Table 2. Symbols for milk recording schemes. |'''Respons...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:59, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Missing results and or abnormal intervals (content was: "==Missing results and/or abnormal intervals== A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording. #When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedure...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:56, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Identification (content was: "===Identification (ID)=== ====Herd ID==== Each herd in milk recording must be allocated a unique permanent identification number. ====Animal ID==== An official milk recording system must be based on a clearly identifiable and unique animal ID. It is recommended that one identification scheme for the whole country is used. Animal identification must also be in accordance with national a...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:52, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Recording (content was: "<blockquote> <div style="column-count:2"> : Standards and Guidelines for milk recording :Identification :Traits to be recorded :Recording method : Cattle Milk Recording: Missing r...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:50, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Quality control (content was: "This Section together with other parts of the Guidelines ensure that data from particular animals are linked with the relevant phenotypes, genomic information and environments to the required accuracy and using the best methods. There is a distinction, however, between the accuracy required for official milk recording and breeding value estimations and other relevant official results a...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:47, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Enrolment (content was: "Enrolment of new herds in the recording process should involve an agreement between the farmer and the recording organisation regarding technical and financial questions such as: # General information about the recording programme itself, i.e. ## Herd and cow identification. ## Scope of recorded data, including database setup as required by the user. ## Scheduling recording. ## Data c...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:44, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Decisions (content was: "As a result of the recording process and reports prepared on the basis of its results, decisions can be made on one or more of the following: === Short term impact: day-to-day management decisions taken on farms === # Decisions about bulk milk quality. # Feeding decisions - daily diet based on group or individual performance. # Pasture management decisions. # Grouping decisions - pl...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 16:42, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Recording Dairy Cattle Methane Emission for Genetic Evaluation Guideline (content was: "''The fact that specific device manufacturers are mentioned in these guidelines is in no way an endorsement of the devices or their accuracy by ICAR'' == SUMMARY OF CHANGES == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Date of change !Nature of change |- |March 2020 |Draft from Feed & Gas WG put into standard template for ICAR Guidelines. Separate out EDGP database to become a stan...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))
• 16:37, 30 December 2024 Cmosconi talk contribs deleted page Discussion of methods (content was: "=== SF6 vs Respiration Chamber === For large-scale evaluation of CH₄ emissions by individual animals, the SF6 technique is more useful than respiration chambers. Animal behaviour and intake might be affected by wearing the apparatus, and by daily handling to exchange canisters, but the technique is considerably less intrusive than respiration chambers because cow...", and the only contributor was "Lbenzoni" (talk))