Section 10 – Identification Device Certification

Overview

Introduction

On June 22, 2007, the International Standards Organisation (ISO) appointed ICAR as the Registration Authority (RA) competent to register manufacturer codes used in the radio frequency identification (RFID) of animals in accordance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.

ICAR has administrative procedures in place for testing the conformance of RFID devices with respect to ISO 11784 and ISO 11785, and only ICAR-accredited test centres can conduct the ICAR certification testing. In addition, ICAR offers evaluations on various quality and performance features of livestock identification devices and transceivers that are tested for conformance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.  A wide range of evaluations is also available for conventional plastic ear tags.

Definitions and terminology

Table 1. Definitions of terms used in these guidelines.
Term	Definition
RFID devices	Animal identification devices (ear tags, leg tags, boluses, injectable transponders) using radio-frequency identification technology.
Conventional ear tags	Visual ear tags used for animal identification that do not use RFID technology. These devices may or may not be machine readable (barcoded).
Registration Authority (RA)	Authority appointed by ISO, competent to register manufacturer codes used in the radio frequency identification of animals in accordance with ISO standards 11784 and 11785.
Test centre	ICAR-accredited laboratory that carries out tests on animal identification devices.
Registration	The granting of shared/unshared manufacturer codes and unique product codes as defined in ISO 11784.
Manufacturer code	A 3-digit number granted by ICAR to a manufacturer.
Certification	ICAR service additional to the registration of devices, with 5-year validity.
Re-certification	ICAR service for devices whose certification has expired after 5 years.
Competent Authority (CA)	Ministry or organisation responsible for national animal identification schemes.
Voluntary sampling	ICAR quality verification service for certified devices available on the market.

Scope

Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines covers the testing and certification procedures, from the submission of the application by a manufacturer to the publication of the certification on the ICAR website, and the re-certification and/or sampling of the product.

Figure 1. Scope of Section 10: Testing and certification of animal identification devices

Figure 1. Scope of Section 10: Testing and certification of animal identification devices

Application

The procedure for any type of test and certification starts with an application submitted by the manufacturer to the ICAR Secretariat. The Secretariat reviews the application, selects the test centre, issues an umbrella contract (for initial applicants), and issues the invoice which upon payment testing commences. Financial transactions between manufacturers, test centres and ICAR are coordinated by the ICAR Secretariat. Testing can only occur when the manufacturer sends all the necessary devices and accessories to the test centre. The devices and accessories remain the property of ICAR.

Testing

Testing of identification devices can be subdivided into the following four main categories and outlined in Table 2.

RFID Conformance test (ISO 24631-1)

Conformance testing is required to demonstrate electronic transponders meet the specifications outlined in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. The submission of identification devices to conformance testing is obligatory before they can be used in the official identification of animals.

Conformance tests are coordinated by the ICAR Secretariat. Acting as the RA on behalf of ISO, ICAR issues a Certificate for RFID devices conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.

Details of the RFID Conformance test are described in Procedure 1, Section 10 ‘Conformance of RFID Transponders with ISO Standards’ available in Procedure 1, Section 10 ‘Conformance of RFID Transponders with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785’.

RFID Performance test (ISO 24631-3)

Performance testing is an evaluation of the following characteristics of an RFID device: modulation amplitude, bit length stability, minimum activation field strength resonance frequency and amplitude voltage response (Vss). These RFID performance test results are not subject to pass or fail criteria but provide useful additional information on device behaviour when communicating with a reader. Acting as the RA on behalf of ISO, ICAR evaluates RFID devices through the RFID performance test and provides the report of the performance test to the manufacturer.

Device Composition and Environmental Performance test (ICAR)

ICAR offers a device composition and environmental performance test for both conventional and RFID external devices. The objective of these tests is to give extensive information on device durability and performance in diverse animal management environments. Procedures will vary depending on the device type. ICAR shares the test report and ICAR certificate with the manufacturer and the ICAR website is updated accordingly.

Details of the device composition and environmental performance test are described in Procedure 4, Section 10 ‘Testing of Conventional Plastic Ear Tags’ and Procedure 5, Section 10 ‘Testing of External RFID Devices’.

Voluntary sampling of Animal Identification Devices

Voluntary sampling is a service for Competent Authorities or other service users, other than manufacturers or their agents. The service is a quality verification service to ensure that devices available in the relevant market(s) remain compliant with the appropriate ISO and ICAR test protocols. Voluntary sampling does not lead to re-certification of the devices.

Details of the service are described in Procedure 6, Section 10 ‘Voluntary Sampling of Identification Devices’ are described in Procedure 6, Section 10 ‘Voluntary Sampling of Identification Devices’.

Summary of Tests

Table 2 summarizes the categories of tests.

Table 2. Categories for the testing of identification devices.
Test category	Test description	Link to test procedure
Conformance and Performance ISO 24631-1 ISO 24631-1 ISO 24631-2 ISO 24631-3 ISO 24631-4	Conformance/performance test of transponder (incl. granting of manufacturer code) or transceiver	Procedure 1, Section 10 ‘Conformance of Transponders with ISO standards’ Procedure 2, Section 10 ‘Granting of Manufacturer Code’ Procedure 3, Section 10 ‘Conformance of Transceivers with ISO standards’
Composition and environmental performance – Conventional ear tags	Extended laboratory test	Procedure 4, Section 10 ‘Testing of Conventional Plastic Ear Tags’
Composition and environmental performance – External RFID devices	Extended laboratory test	Procedure 5, Section 10 ‘Testing of External RFID Devices’
Voluntary sampling	Partial test for certified devices available on the market.	Procedure 6, Section 10 ‘Voluntary sampling of Identification Devices’

Test Centres

Testing is conducted by ICAR-accredited test centres. Every test is contracted by the ICAR Secretariat to a specific test centre. The test centre is obliged to act according to the procedures laid down within the test protocols. In addition, all details associated with the testing phase, including the test results, must be kept strictly confidential.

Test centres attend the meetings of ICAR’s Animal Identification Sub-Committee and participate in annual ring test measurements to review consistency of test results between the laboratories. ICAR reviews the results to ensure overall uniformity between the laboratories.  Further information regarding the test centres can be found here.

Manufacturer code

Following the first successful full conformance test, ICAR in its role as RA for ISO for the Standards 11784 and 11785 allocates to the manufacturer a code to be used only for products registered by ICAR. There are two types of manufacturer codes:

1. Shared manufacturer code (900): can be granted to more than one manufacturer. A restricted range of identification codes is allocated to the registered product for exclusive use together with the shared manufacturer code.
2. Unshared manufacturer code (901-998): can only be granted to one manufacturer following official proof that during two consecutive years the company has sold a minimum of one million (ICAR certified) transponders per year.

Note: the manufacturer code concerns only the certification of RFID devices. With conventional ear tags, ICAR allocates unique certification codes to the products that pass the Device Composition and Environmental Performance Test.

Report

Test centres prepare a confidential report of the test results and submit the report to the ICAR Secretariat. The Secretariat reviews the report and forwards it to the manufacturer along with the ICAR certificate should the test be successful. The report is also shared with the Animal Identification Sub-Committee for information only.

Certification

The tests that lead to an ICAR certificate are:

1. RFID Conformance test (ISO 24631-1).
2. Device Composition and Environmental Performance test (ICAR).

Certificates are issued by the ICAR Secretariat and signed by the ICAR Chief Executive and then emailed to the manufacturer.  In reference to certificates of conformance, the Chair of the ISO/TC23/SC19/WG3 is also copied in the communication to ensure the ISO remains informed about registered devices under the RA Agreement. For other tests not subject to pass or fail criteria (e.g. Performance test), an official ICAR letter acknowledging the completion of the test is sent to the manufacturer along with the test results.

Publication

All ICAR-certified devices are published on the ICAR website:

1. RFID devices web page (available here).
2. Conventional ear tags web page (available here).

Devices whose certification has expired are removed from the above listed webpages. A specific web page (https://www.icar.org/index.php/rfid-iso/) lists all the devices registered by ICAR in conformance with ISO standards 11784 and 11785. Devices listed in this page are not removed as the registration is valid for the lifetime of the device.

Table 3 summarizes the steps and responsibilities in the ICAR certification procedure.

Table 3. Steps, actions and responsibilities in the ICAR certification procedure
Step	Action	Responsibility
1	Application for testing of a device	Manufacturer or dealer of identification device
2	Acceptance of application, and issuance of umbrella contract and invoice	ICAR Secretariat
3	Testing and report compilation	ICAR test centres
4	Sharing of test results with the applicant	ICAR Secretariat
5	ICAR certification	ICAR Secretariat
6	Publication on the website	ICAR Secretariat

Re-certification

After 5 years from the issuance of an ICAR certificate, the test can be repeated for the certification to be renewed for another 5 years. The device maintains its original product/certification code. The test protocols applied for the re-certification are:

1. The limited test protocol for RFID devices
2. The preliminary assessment protocol for conventional devices

Note: if the application for re-certification is submitted more than 5 years after the original certification, full test procedures are required.

The application process is the same as for any other tests. Once re-certified, the device remains on the ICAR website for another 5 years and the updated expiration date of the certification is indicated..

Voluntary sampling

At any given moment, Competent Authorities or other service users can apply for a sampling of certified devices found on the market. Devices are tested against the current ICAR standards, and the results are compared with original or re-certification results for the same devices. The test protocols used by the laboratories are:

1. The limited test protocol for RFID devices.
2. The preliminary assessment protocol for conventional devices.

The applicant may also request or specify additional test protocols, provided these are defined in other existing ISO or ICAR test protocols.

Devices to be tested must be collected and submitted to the ICAR test centre by the applicant and not by the manufacturer.

Conditions for the use of ICAR certificates

1. The conditions for the use of ICAR certificates are described in the respective procedures.
2. If a device is certified by ICAR, the manufacturer may publish the certification of its device.
3. IICAR certification does not guarantee that the device is suitable for all environments.
4. If changes are made to a device during its 5-year certification period, the manufacturer must submit a Device Change Notification. See Procedures 4 and 5.

Note: A manufacturer must not use the ICAR logo for any purpose, unless expressly authorised by ICAR.

Appendices

Appendix A1. Application for RFID transponder Conformance test (ISO 24631-1) (link)

Appendix A2. Application for a manufacturer code allocation (link)

Appendix A3. Code of conduct (link)

Appendix A4. Application for RFID transponder Performance test (ISO 24631-3) (link)

Appendix A5. Application for RFID transceiver Conformance test (ISO 24631-2) (link)

Appendix A6. Application for RFID transceiver Performance test (ISO 24631-4) (link)

Appendix B1. Application for Device Composition and Environmental Performance test for conventional ear tags (link)

Appendix B2. Application for Device Change Notification (DCN) for conventional ear tags modified during the 5-year certification (link)

Appendix B3. Numbers for Reference Printing (link).

Appendix B4. Preliminary Test for Conventional Plastic Ear Tags (link).

Appendix B5. Laboratory Test for Conventional Plastic Ear Tags (link).

Appendix C1. Application for Device Composition and Environmental Performance test for external RFID devices (link)

Appendix C2. Application for Device Change Notification (DCN) for external RFID devices modified during the 5-year certification (link)

Appendix C3. Preliminary Test for External RFID Devices (link).

Appendix C4. Laboratory Test for External RFID Devices (link).

Appendix D1. Application for voluntary sampling of animal identification device (link) [1] .

Procedure 1: Conformance of Transponders

Foreword

ISO 24631 defines the test protocols for evaluating and verifying both the conformance (ISO 24631-1) and performance (ISO 24631-3) of RFID devices, and ISO 11784 defines the code structure. Only those results delivered by accredited and Registration Authority (RA) approved test centres are recognized.

Introduction

ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 cover four RFID device types used for animal identification:

1. Injectables: a small transponder able to be injected into an animal’s body and encapsulated in a biocompatible material with porosity equivalent to that of glass.
2. Ear tag: a plastic covered transponder able to be fixed to an animal's ear using a locking mechanism which prevents the device from being removed without damaging it and rendering it unusable.
3. Ruminal bolus: a transponder placed into a high specific gravity container orally administered to a ruminant animal where the device remains in the rumen of the animal due its high specific gravity which prevents its passing through the animal's digestive system.
4. Tag attachment: a transponder covered by a primary protection layer but without its own locking mechanism and is used only as an attachment to a visual ear tag or to another means of external animal identification, e.g. leg tag, collar, etc.

The tests managed by ICAR as RA are recognised by the Federation of European Companion Animals Veterinary Association (FECAVA) and WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinarian Association) and as such can be applied to companion animals also.

The fee for all tests will be borne by the applicant..

References

• ISO 11784. Agricultural equipment - Radio frequency identification of animals - Code structure
• ISO 11785. Agricultural equipment - Radio frequency identification of animals - Technical concept
• ISO 24631-1. Agricultural equipment - Radio frequency identification of animals - Part 1: Evaluation of conformance of RFID transponders with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 (including granting and use of a manufacturer code)
• ISO 24631-3. Agricultural equipment - Radio frequency identification of animals - Part 3: Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
• ISO 3166. Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions

The latest version of ISO Standards will always apply and these Standards can be downloaded from the ISO website (https://www.iso.org/store.html).  

Procedures for verifying the ISO conformance of transponders

Application

A manufacturer can apply for:

1. A full test; or
2. A limited test; or
3. A listing update.

A.        A full test is mandatory in the following cases:

1. When a non-RA registered manufacturer applies for a test.
2. When a RA registered manufacturer uses a new silicon chip (Integrated Circuit) or implements new technology (HDX or FDX-B) in the transponder;
3. When a RA registered manufacturer changes the coil technology (ferrite coils vs. air coils).

B.        A limited test is applicable in the following cases:

1. When a RA registered manufacturer inserts an ICAR certified transponder into a different primary transponder package.
2. When a RA registered manufacturer uses the silicon chip of an ICAR certified transponder with different coil dimensions.
3. When a RA registered manufacturer inserts an ICAR certified transponder with its original primary packaging into a different secondary packaging, e.g. a glass transponder into a bolus or a glass transponder into an ear tag.

C.        A listing update is applicable in the following case:

1. When a RA registered manufacturer intends to use an ICAR certified transponder without any modification. In this case the applicant must deliver a copy of the original test report along with a written confirmation from the ICAR registered manufacturer who originally submitted the transponder under question for certification by ICAR.

To apply for an ISO transponder conformance test, the manufacturer has to complete the test application form given in Appendix A1 (Application for RFID transponder Conformance test (ISO 24631-1)) which is available here.

The completed application must be emailed in PDF format to the ICAR secretariat at manufacturers@icar.org.  

The manufacturer may choose their preferred ICAR accredited test centre. The manufacturer is required to submit to the test centre:

1. 50 transponders for a full test, or
2. 10 transponders for a limited test, or
3. 10 transponders for a listing update.

The submitted transponders must have the ICAR test code of 999 or the existing manufacturer's code for a full test. The manufacturer can freely choose the transponder codes, but duplicate codes are not allowed. The manufacturer must provide a list of the transponder codes in decimal format.

Every device in a batch submitted for RFID testing (ISO 24631-1 and/or ISO 24631-3) must contain identical internal electronic components (coil and other components). Mixing of technologies (integrated circuit, capacitors, coils) within a single batch is prohibited. Likewise, when an electronic identification device is certified by ICAR, based on the results of testing, all devices that are released for sale must contain the same components as the original devices submitted for RFID testing. If changes are made to a device after approval, the device must be submitted for a new full or limited test, according to the type of changes as described above.

The test centre will test the transponders for compliance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. All tested transponders must be readable by the laboratory reference transceiver. The codes read by the laboratory reference transceiver must comply with ISO 11784 and the identification codes must be on the list of codes provided by the manufacturer.

The test centre will prepare a confidential report of the test results and will send the report to the ICAR secretariat.

The ICAR Secretariat will send the test report to the manufacturer and, in the case of a successful Conformance test result, an official ICAR letter of certification signed by the ICAR Chief Executive will also be sent to the manufacturer, with a copy to the ISO/TC23/SC19/WG3 Chair.

ICAR as RA issues a product code for each type of transponder successfully tested, including the listing update.

All electronic transponders submitted in an application will be kept by the test centre as reference transponders.

ICAR as RA maintains a public register on the ICAR website which lists all products registered and ICAR certified. A photograph of the certified device is included in the listing.

Conditions for the right to use an ICAR certificate for transponders (conformance test)

Upon successful completion of the Conformance test, ICAR will grant a device certificate valid for five years.

The ICAR certification of a transponder confirms the transponder's compliance with the code structure and the technical concepts given in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.

The manufacturer must maintain a database register of all ICAR certified transponders sold. The manufacturer must require the initial purchasers of their ICAR certified transponders to also maintain a database register of their purchased product and require all subsequent purchasers to do the same until the transponder is applied to an animal.

The ICAR certificate is valid only for the transponder successfully tested and certified by ICAR. A manufacturer must not utilise the ICAR certificate for a transponder:

a.       Which is not manufactured by them; and / or

b.       Which does not comply in all respects with the ICAR certificate, including (but not limited to):

• • Maintaining identical packaging (both primary and secondary) of the certified transponder.
  • Maintaining identical technology and manufacturer of the certified transponder.
  • Maintaining the identical transponder to the certified transponder.

c.       Which utilises the manufacturer code of another manufacturer;

d.       Which is supplied to or intended to be supplied to a person ("the receiver") who will market the transponder as if manufactured by them, unless:

• • The receiver has obtained ICAR registration under this process; and
  • The transponder bears either the shared manufacturer code or the unshared manufacturer code of the receiver.

Once the ICAR certification has been granted, the manufacturer will be responsible to:

1. Keep an accurate and detailed log of all changes to their product and this log must be available to ICAR upon request. This log must include details of in-house performance measurements and Quality Assurance testing showing the amended product has maintained or enhanced its quality and performance.
2. Submit the product for re-certification before the expiration of its current ICAR certification. The manufacturer must apply for re-certification not earlier than 6 months before the expiration of the certificate and no later than 5 months after the expiration of the certificate.
3. Understand that ICAR may take sample products from the marketplace and test its conformance against the conformance of the device the manufacturer originally submitted, should ICAR suspect a breach of the signed ICAR Code of Conduct or a product change that has not been subjected to the tests outlined in this document - Procedure 1, Section 10 ‘Conformance of Transponders with ISO standards’.

Should the manufacturer fail to meet any or all of the above conditions for the use of the ICAR certificate, actions may be taken by ICAR in its role as Registration Authority for ISO according to the ISO standard 24631-1.

In cases of disputes regarding the conditions listed above or the use of an ICAR certificate, the decision of ICAR as RA will be binding.

ICAR as RA will distribute an advice notice regarding any manufacturer that distributes transponders in conflict with the certification procedure.

Procedure 2: Granting of Manufacturer Code

Introduction

When countries have not implemented a procedure for the allocation and registration of the national identification code, a manufacturer code must be used instead of a country code to ensure a worldwide uniqueness of identification codes. ISO has appointed ICAR as the Registration Authority (RA) to allocate manufacturer codes in conformance with ISO 11784.

Application of shared and unshared manufacturer code

Shared manufacturer code

A manufacturer code can be granted to more than one manufacturer, and this code is known as a shared manufacturer code. A shared manufacturer code is granted by ICAR if the manufacturer's RFID device has successfully completed a full conformance test. When a shared manufacturer code is granted, ICAR also allocates a restricted set of identification codes for exclusive use with the shared manufacturer code. The identification codes allocated in combination with the shared manufacturer code are unique. ICAR must ensure this uniqueness by applying appropriate procedures for the assignment and registration of allocated identification codes. If necessary, additional sets of identification codes can be assigned to the manufacturer by request. The size of the sets of allocated identification codes is determined on consensual agreement with the manufacturer and ICAR..

Unshared manufacturer code

An unshared manufacturer code will only be granted to a manufacturer providing proof to the Registration Authority that during two consecutive years the company has sold a minimum of one million (ICAR certified) transponders per year. This proof must be sourced from their sales records and certified by their external auditor of accounts or a notary public.

Manufacturer code application procedure

The first time a manufacturer applies for a conformance test, the manufacturer must also apply for a manufacturer code and sign a Code of Conduct.

The intial application must consist of a completed test application form (Appendix A1), a completed application form for a manufacturer code (Appendix A2), and the signed "Code of Conduct" (Appendix A3). By signing the application form and the Code of Conduct, the manufacturer agrees to fulfil the conditions described in this document and to accept the charges for this procedure.

The completed application must be emailed to the ICAR secretariat at: manufacturers@icar.org [[1]].

ICAR maintains a public register listing all registered products, manufacturers, and manufacturer codes.

Conditions for the right to use the manufacturer code

The manufacturer must only use their manufacturer code for products registered by ICAR.

In disputes regarding the conditions of manufacturer code use, the decision of ISO/TC23/SC19 will be binding.

For further reference, ISO 11784 can be downloaded from the ISO web site (https://www.iso.org/store.html).

The use of Manufacturer codes and Country codes

In accordance with ISO 11784 and Section 10 of these Guidelines, including Appendix A3 Code of Conduct, manufacturer codes (900-998 series) should only be used in connection with electronic identification (RFID) devices.

Where a competent national authority has assumed the responsibility for ensuring and maintaining the uniqueness of the RFID identification code for a specific species in that country, the ISO 3166 3-digit numeric country code may be used in place of the manufacturer code in the electronic identification of that specific species of animal.  A country code may only be used if it is authorized by the competent authority of that country.

The use of manufacturer codes in the International Identity used for genetic evaluation purposes is discouraged (Section 9 – Dairy Genetic Evaluations).

The use of manufacturer codes and country codes

In accordance with ISO 11784 and Section 10 of these Guidelines, including Appendix A3 Code of Conduct, manufacturer codes (900-998 series) should only be used in connection with electronic identification (RFID) devices.

Where a competent national authority has assumed the responsibility for ensuring and maintaining the uniqueness of the RFID identification code for a specific species in that country, the ISO 3166 3-digit numeric country code may be used in place of the manufacturer code in the electronic identification of that specific species of animal.  A country code may only be used if it is authorized by the competent authority of that country.

The use of manufacturer codes in the International Identity used for genetic evaluation purposes is discouraged (Section 9 – Dairy Genetic Evaluations).

Procedure 3: Conformance of Transceivers with ISO Standards

Scope

This section refers to ISO 24631-2 and ISO 24631-4, regarding the test procedures to verify the compliance of RFID transceivers to the operating characteristics outlined in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.

References

The titles of standards referred to in this document are as follows:

• ISO 11784 Radio frequency identification of animals - Code structure
• ISO 11785 Radio frequency identification of animals - Technical concept
• ISO 24631-2 Radiofrequency identification of animals - Part 2: Evaluation of conformance of RFID transceivers with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
• ISO 24631-4   Radiofrequency identification of animals - Part 4: Evaluation of performance of RFID transceivers conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
• ISO 3166 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions

The latest version of ISO Standards will always apply, and these Standards are available on the ISO website (https://www.iso.org/store.html).

Manufacturer application  

Manufacturers seeking a conformance test of a tranceiver must complete the test application form (Appendix A5), and email it to the ICAR secretariat at manufacturers@icar.or

ICAR testing

Upon receipt of the application, the ICAR Secretariat will assign one of the accredited test centres to carry out the conformance test on the nominated transceiver. The manufacturer’s approved test centre may be taken into consideration.

The transceiver will be tested against the ISO procedures listed in the Scope of this procedure to verify compliance to the operationing characteristics outlined in ISO 11784 and and ISO 11785.

Conclusion of the laboratory and certification tests

The test centre will prepare a test report and will submit it to the ICAR Secretariat. All information collected during the laboratory tests will remain confidential and only disclosed to the manufacturer of the transceiver.

Upon the successful completion of the laboratory test, ICAR will send the test report and an official letter to the manufacturer granting ICAR certification for that transceiver. Certified tranceivers are listed on the ICAR website inclusive of a photograph of the transceiver.

If the laboratory test results are unsatisfactory, ICAR will send the manufacturer the test report indicating the reasons for the failure.

All test reports are shared with ICAR’s Animal Identification Sub-Committee for information.

Procedure 4: Testing of Conventional Plastic Ear Tags

Introduction

This section will guide the manufacturer through the steps of obtaining and retaining ICAR certification for a conventional permanent plastic ear tag.

The ICAR procedures for testing the performance and reliability of permanent identification devices consider, but are not limited, to the following issues:

1. Ease of application and use.
2. Efficiency of animal recognition.
3. Durability and single-use design characteristics.
4. Animal welfare and human health.

The following procedures focus on testing the ear tag design, the print quality and, if requested, the ear tag machine readability.

The testing procedure is composed of three distinct phases:

1. Phase 1: Manufacturer's application (section 5.1).
2. Phase 2: Preliminary Assessment (section 5.2).
3. Phase 3: Laboratory Test (section 5.4).

These test procedures must be carried out by an ICAR accredited test laboratory. The fees for these test procedures will be borne by the device manufacturer.

When an ear tag is certified by ICAR, the manufacturer will be authorized to state that tags of that particular design and printing method are ICAR certified. ICAR certification does not imply that the tag is suitable for all environments or that its machine-readable characteristics are satisfactory for all uses. It is the manufacturer's responsibility to comply with the requirements of the relevant jurisdictions.

A successfully tested and certified product can have its certification withdrawn if the product fails to comply with the requirements described in this section. ICAR and/or national authorities may randomly take samples of certified tags from the market and subject them to testing to ensure certified ear tags continue to meet ICAR certification criteria. The manufacturer will be required to meet the costs of these assessments should the product fail to meet ICAR standards.

The manufacturer must advise ICAR of any changes made affecting the performance of ICAR certified products which could alter their previous test results. The manufacturer must also inform ICAR of any change to the material composition or the print quality of a certified ear tag.

Users of ear tags and / or potential users of ear tags are encouraged to access the list of certified tags found on the ICAR web site (page available here).

Scope

This section describes the procedures for measuring the composition and the performance of conventional permanent plastic ear tags which may include machine readable printing.

When a manufacturer submits an ear tag to ICAR for testing, they may also choose to have the machine readability of the ear tag evaluated according to this protocol. If such request is not explicitely made, then only the visual readability will be evaluated.

Successful completion of the procedures described in this section will result in the ICAR certification of the ear tag as a device recommended by ICAR for animal identification purposes. ICAR certified ear tags are published on the ICAR website here.

Figure 1 gives a summary of the main elements of the testing and certification process of conventional ear tags.

Figure 2. Key steps for the testing and certification of conventional ear tags

References

Table 4. References to relevant standards.
ISO 175	Resistance of thermoplastics to liquids
EN 1122	Plastics - Determination of cadmium - Wet decomposition method
ISO 1817	Resistance of vulcanized elastomers to liquids
ISO 4650	Rubber - Identification - Infrared spectrometric method
ISO 9924	Determination of composition of vulcanized elastomers
ISO 11357	Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
ISO 9352	Plastics - Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
ISO 527-1	Plastics - Determination of tensile properties part 1: General principles
ISO 37	Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 4611	Plastics - Determination of the effects of exposure to damp heat, water spray and salt mist
EN ISO 4892-2	Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 15416	Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code print quality test specification; Linear symbols
ISO 11664-4	Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space
ISO 105-X12	Textiles – Tests for colour fastness – Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing

The latest version of the above references will always apply.

Definitions

Certification code

A certification code is an alpha-numeric code consisting of "A", followed by three numbers. The certification code is used to identify and register an ear tag model that has successfully passed the testing procedure. This code may be embossed on all ICAR certified ear tags for official identification. The placement of the certification code on the ear tag should conform to the relevant jurisdictional requirements in whatever locality the ear tag is sold.

Certified ear tag

A certified ear tag is an ear tag that was submitted to the ICAR accredited test centre where it successfully passed the testing procedures and was thus certified by ICAR.

Ear tag

An ear tag is deemed to be composed of three principal features:

1. The front plate which is often, but not always, the "female" component of an ear tag combination. The front plate is designated as such because it will be in the front of the animal's ear when the ear tag combination is applied correctly.
2. The rear plate which is often, but not always, the "male" component of an ear tag combination. The rear plate is designated as such because it will be at the back of the animal's ear when the ear tag combination is applied correctly.
3. The locking mechanism which comprises of the locking gap in the female component of an ear tag and the pin of the male component of the ear tag combination.

Manufacturer

The manufacturer is the company or person submitting the application for the testing of an ear tag and has accepted the ICAR conditions for certification of conventional permanent plastic ear tags as outlined in section 5.4.6.

Reference colour

The colour of the ear tags used in the laboratory tests must be yellow and the colour of the printing must be black. The manufacturer must print a uniform solid block 10mm x 10mm in the same colour as the colour of the printing on the tag.

Reference number

Printing must be composed of four different and predefined figures (from 0 to 9) as outlined in Appendix B3. The font style and size must replicate precisely the font style and size the manufacturer commonly uses on that tag within the market.

For the ear tags where machine readability will be assessed, a 12-digit barcode must be printed on the tags in addition to the reference number. The 12-digit barcode consists of the three numbers of the test code as defined in section 4.7  followed by zeroes and the reference number.

Test code

The test code is an alpha-numeric code consisting of "T" (for ‘tested’), followed by 3 numbers. The test code is allocated by ICAR upon the completion of a successful Preliminary assessment.

The test code is used to identify and register an ear tag model being tested at the laboratory under the approval procedure. This code must be printed or engraved on all ear tags undergoing testing during the approval procedure.

Tested ear tag

A tested ear tag is an ear tag that was submitted to the ICAR accredited test centre and subsequently tested.

ICAR testing and certification procedure

Phase 1: Manufacturer's application

To submit an ear tag for ICAR testing within the scope of the tests described in this section, the manufacturer must complete an application and email it in PDF format to the ICAR secretariat at manufacturers@icar.org

The application must consist of:

1. The Application Form (Appendix B1 or Appendix B2):

• • Appendix B1 is the application form for the certification of a new device or re-certification of an already certified device.
  • Appendix B2 is the application form for the certification of a device modified during its certification. (Please refer to section 6 for information on the Device Change Notification)

Copies of the required application forms can be obtained from the ICAR website or from the ICAR Secretariat.

When a manufacturer chooses to have the machine readable printing on the ear tag evaluated, the manufacturer must indicate this choice on the completed Application Form. The application should also specify the symbols (language) used on the tag, e.g. Quick Response (QR) Model 2, Data Matrix (DM) ECC 200, Aztec, Code 128, Code 39 or Interleaved 2 of 5. The applicant should also indicate if the AIM (Automatic Identification Manufacturers International Inc) quality standards (code dimensions) have been met.

By signing the application form, the manufacturer agrees to fulfil the conditions of ICAR testing, certification and payment obligations and also acknowledges the ongoing monitoring and assessments for certified ear tags.

Phase 2: Preliminary assessment

To assess conformance of the ear tags with the information given in the application form and to also detect any major failure, e.g. damage of the tag at application, possible unlocking without deformation, inappropriate animal welfare design etc., the ear tags will be submitted to a Preliminary Assessment.

The Preliminary Assessment procedure is also applied to a device for which the manufacturer is requesting re-certification.

Refer to Appendix B4 for details.

Conclusion of the Preliminary assessment

The test centre will prepare a comprehensive report detailing the results of the Preliminary Assessment. This report will be submitted to the ICAR Secretariat, who will then forward the test report to the manufacturer along with detailed instructions for the submission of tags for the laboratory test.  The Preliminary Assessment will expire six months after a successful result.  Tags may not be submitted for a laboratory test after the Preliminary Assessment has expired and will need to be re-submitted for another Preliminary Assessment.

If a device has not performed satisfactorily, ICAR will provide the manufacturer with the test report and indicate the reasons for the tag's failure.

Phase 3: Laboratory Test

Assigning a test centre

Following the successful completion of the Preliminary Assessment, the ICAR Secretariat will assign one of the accredited test centres to carry out the Laboratory Test. The manufacturer’s preferred approved test centre may be taken into consideration.

Granting of a test code

A specific test code will be allocated by ICAR for the ear tag undergoing testing. See Section 4.7 above.

Manufacturer requirements

At the commencement of the Laboratory Test, the manufacturer must deliver the following items to the assigned test centre:

1. 200 yellow ear tags with the test code number and the reference printing applied (including the uniform solid block described in 4.5). For tags where the machine readability is to be assessed, a 12-digit barcode must also be printed on the ear tag. Note: the manufacturer will be allocated 25 reference numbers to print on the 200 ear tags, i.e. 8 tags per reference number (Appendix B3).
2. One tag applicator or an equivalent device supplied for the application of devices to animals.
3. A statement specifying the nature of the polymer used for the device.
4. A statement advising if any regrind material has been used in any component of the device.

Test procedure

The test procedure to be followed for Phase 3: Laboratory Test  is described in Appendix B5.

Conclusion of the laboratory test

The test centre will prepare a test report and will submit it to the ICAR Secretariat. All information collected during the laboratory tests will remain confidential and only disclosed to the manufacturer of the ear tag.

Upon the successful completion of the Laboratory Test, ICAR will send the test report and an official letter to the manufacturer granting ICAR certification for that ear tag.

If the manufacturer had requested an evaluation on the machine readability of the ear tag, then this evaluation will also be included in the test report.

Each test report on a successfully tested ear tag will include a summary sheet with an evaluation of the appropriate suitability of the ear tag for various production systems and / or environmental conditions.

If the Laboratory Test results are unsatisfactory, ICAR will send the manufacturer the test report indicating the reasons for the failure.

All test reports are shared with ICAR’s Animal Identification Sub-Committee for information.

ICAR conditions for certification of conventional permanent plastic ear tags

1. Upon successful completion of the ICAR test procedures described above, ICAR will grant a device certificate valid for five years and a certification code.
2. This certification is valid only for the specific plastic ear tag type successfully tested and certified by ICAR.
3. A manufacturer cannot utilise the ICAR certification for a plastic ear tag:
   • Which is not manufactured by them; or
   • Which does not comply in all respects to the ICAR certification, which includes maintaining an identical tag type to the certified tag.
4. Once the ICAR certificate has been granted, the manufacturer will be responsible to:
   • Keep an accurate and detailed log of all changes to their product and this log must be available to ICAR upon request. This log must include details of in-house performance measurements and Quality Assurance testing showing the product has maintained or enhanced its quality, performance and material composition.
   • Submit the product for a Device Change Notification (DCN – Appendix B2) if changes are made to the device during its 5-year certification period. At the determination of the ICAR Secretariat, the modified device may require a new certification code and the manufacturer will need to declare if the modified device will replace the existing device or if the two devices are going to co-exist. Every DCN application will be reviewed individually by ICAR and the designated laboratory, and ICAR shall decide if a limited test is applicable, or if the significance of the modification(s) requires a full test. Note: The request for DCN is not applicable to all types of changes to a device. Manufacturers are requested to contact the ICAR Secretariat for guidance before they apply for DCN by emailing to: manufacturers@icar.org.
   • Submit the product for re-certification before the expiration of its current ICAR certification. The manufacturer must apply for re-certification no earlier than 6 months before the expiration of the certificate and no later than 5 months after the expiration of the certificate.
   • Understand that within the 5 year timeframe, should ICAR suspect a product change that has not been subjected to the tests outlined in this Procedure 4 of Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines, or any other breach of the conditions described in this chapter, ICAR may take sample products from the market and test their performance against the performance of the certified device.
5. Should the manufacturer fail to meet any or all the above certification conditions, ICAR may withdraw the certification.
6. In disputes regarding the conditions above or the use of a certificate, the decision of ICAR will be binding.
7. ICAR will distribute an advice notice regarding any manufacturer distributing products in conflict with the testing and certification procedures outlined in this Procedure 4 of Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines.

Procedure 5: Testing of External RFID Devices

Introduction

This section will guide the manufacturer through the steps of obtaining and retaining ICAR certification for an external permanent radio frequency identification (RFID) device.

The ICAR procedures for testing the performance and reliability of external permanent RFID devices consider, but are not limited to the following issues:

1. Ease of application and use.
2. Efficiency of animal recognition.
3. Durability and tamper-evidence.
4. Animal welfare and human health.

Only external RFID devices designed as permanent electronic identification devices are covered in this procedure 5 of Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines.

The testing procedure is composed of three distinct phases:

1. Phase 1: Manufacturer’s application (section 6.5.1 )
2. Phase 2: Preliminary assessment (section 6.5.2)
3. Phase 3: laboratory Test (section 6.5.3)

These test procedures must be carried out by an ICAR accredited test laboratory. The fees for these test procedures will be borne by the device manufacturer.

When an ear tag is certified by ICAR, the manufacturer will be authorized to state that tags of that particular design and printing method are ICAR certified. ICAR certification does not imply that the tag is suitable for all environments or that its machine-readable characteristics are satisfactory for all uses. It is the manufacturer's responsibility to comply with the requirements of the relevant jurisdictions.

A successfully tested and certified product can have its certificate withdrawn if the product fails to comply with the requirements described in this section. ICAR and/or national authorities may randomly take samples of certified devices from the market and subject them to testing to ensure certified devices continue to meet ICAR certification criteria. The manufacturer will be required to meet the costs of these assessments should the product fail to meet ICAR standards.

The manufacturer must advise ICAR of any changes made affecting the performance of ICAR certified products which could alter their previous test results. The manufacturer must also inform ICAR of any change to the material composition of a certified RFID device.

Users (and/or potential users) of external RFID devices are encouraged to access the list of certified RFID devices found on the ICAR web site here.

Scope

This section describes the procedures for measuring the composition and the performance of external RFID devices.

Successful completion of the procedures described in this section will result in the ICAR certification of the tested RFID device as a device recommended by ICAR for animal identification purposes. ICAR certified RFID devices are published on the ICAR web site (here).

Figure 3 gives a summary of the main elements of the testing and certification process of external RFID devices.

Figure 3. Key steps for the testing and certification of external RFID devices

References

Table 3. References to relevant standards
EN 1122	Plastics - Determination of cadmium - Wet decomposition method
ISO 4650	Rubber - Identification - Infrared spectrometric method
ISO 9924	Determination of composition of vulcanized elastomers
ISO 11357	Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
ISO 527-1	Plastics - Determination of tensile properties part 1: General principles
ISO 37	Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 11664-4	Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space
ISO 7724 ISO 105-X12	Paints and Varnishes – Colorimetry Textiles – Tests for colour fastness – Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing
EN ISO 4892-2	Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
EN/IEC 60068-2-1	Environmental testing - Part 2-1: Tests - Test A: Cold
EN/IEC 60068-2-2	Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - Test B: Dry heat
EN/IEC 60068-2-32	Environmental testing - Part 2-32: Tests - Test Ed: Free fall
ISO 4611	Plastics - Determination of the effects of exposure to damp heat, water spray and salt mist
ISO 11785	Radio frequency identification of animals - Technical concept
ISO 24631-1	Radio frequency identification of animals - Part 1: Evaluation of conformance of RFID transponders with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
ISO 24631-3	Radio frequency identification of animals - Part 3: Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785

The latest version of the above references will always apply.

Definitions

Certification code

A certification code is an alpha-numeric code consisting of “A”, followed by three numbers. The certification code is used to identify and register an RFID device that has successfully completed the testing procedure. This code may be embossed or printed on all ICAR certified RFID devices for official identification. The placement of the certification code on the device should conform to the relevant jurisdictional requirements in whatever the locality the RFID device is sold.

Certified RFID device

A certified RFID device is an RFID device that was submitted to the ICAR accredited test centre where it successfully passed the testing procedures and was thus certified by ICAR.

Manufacturer

The manufacturer is the company or person submitting the application for the testing of an RFID device and has accepted the conditions of ICAR for the certification of external RFID devices as outlined in section 7.

Reference colour

The colour of the external RFID device used in the laboratory tests must be yellow and the colour of the printing must be black. On the test samples, preferably on the rear part, the manufacturer must print a uniform solid block of 10mm x 10mm in the same colour as the colour of the printing on the device. Should the surface area of the device be too small to accommodate the printing of a 10mm x 10mm solid block, then a uniform solid block of 5mm x 20mm is acceptable. This printing may be on the female tag plate or on the male tag plate (sometimes known as the pin).

Test code

The test code is an alpha-numeric code consisting of "T" (for ‘tested’), followed by 3 numbers. The test code is allocated by ICAR upon the completion of a successful Preliminary Assessment.

The test code is used to identify and register an ear tag model being tested at the laboratory under the approval procedure. This code must be printed or engraved on all ear tags undergoing testing during the approval procedure.

Reference ID codes

The transponders of the RFID devices submitted to the laboratory test must be programmed with the test code of 999 followed by zeroes and a sequential numerical code as per the following:

1. For the Phase 2 Preliminary Assessment, the sequential numerical code range will be: 001 - 130.
2. For the Phase 3 Laboratory Test, the sequential numerical code range will be: 201 - 400.
3. The reference ID code programmed into each transponder must be printed on the front part of each device. The font style and size must replicate precisely the font style and size the manufacturer commonly uses on that device within the market. This font size and style must be specified in the application form (Appendix C1 or Appendix C2).

RFID ear tag

An RFID ear tag is a radio frequency identification (RFID) external device able to be fixed to an animal’s ear and deemed to be composed of three principal features:

1. The front part which is often, but not always, the “female” component of an ear tag combination. The front part is designated as such because it will be in the front of the animal’s ear when the ear tag combination is applied correctly. It will often, but not always, contain the transponder.
2. The rear plate which is often, but not always, the “male” component of an ear tag combination. The rear plate is designated as such because it will be at the back of the animal’s ear when the ear tag combination is applied correctly.
3. The locking mechanism which comprises of the locking gap in the female component of an ear tag and the pin of the male component of an ear tag combination

RFID leg tag

An RFID leg tag is a radio frequency identification (RFID) external device able to be permanently fastened to an animal’s lower leg.

Tested RFID device

A tested RFID device is a device that was submitted to the ICAR approved test centre and subsequently tested

ICAR Testing and Certification Procedure

Phase 1 Manufacturer’s Application

To submit an external RFID device for ICAR testing within the scope of the tests described in this section, the manufacturer must complete an application and email it in PDF format to the ICAR secretariat at manufacturers@icar.org

The application must consist of:

1. The Application Form (Appendix C1 or Appendix C2):
   • Appendix C1 form is the application form for the certification of a new device.
   • Appendix C2 is the application form for the certification of a device that has been modified during its certification period. (Please refer to section 7 for information on the Device Change Notification).

Copies of the required application form can be obtained from the ICAR web site (here) or from the ICAR Secretariat.

By signing the application form, the manufacturer agrees to fulfil the conditions of ICAR testing, certification and payment obligations and also acknowledges the ongoing monitoring and assessments applicable for certified RFID devices.

Phase 2: Preliminary Assessment

To assess conformance of the ear tags with the information given in the application form and to also detect any major failure, e.g. damage of the tag at application, possible unlocking without deformation, inappropriate animal welfare design etc., the ear tags will be submitted to a Preliminary Assessment.

The Preliminary Assessment procedure is also applied to a device for which the manufacturer is requesting re-certification.

Refer to detailed test procedure in Appendix C3 (Preliminary Test for External RFID Devices)

Conclusion of the Preliminary assessment

The test centre will prepare a comprehensive report detailing the results of the Preliminary Assessment. This report will be submitted to the ICAR Secretariat, who will then forward the test report to the manufacturer along with detailed instructions for the submission of tags for the laboratory test.  The Preliminary Assessment will expire six months after a successful result.  Tags may not be submitted for a laboratory test after the Preliminary Assessment has expired and will need to be re-submitted for another Preliminary Assessment.

If a device has not performed satisfactorily, ICAR will provide the manufacturer with the test report and indicate the reasons for the tag's failure.

Phase 3 Laboratory Test

Assigning a Test Centre

Following the successful completion of the Preliminary Assessment, the ICAR Secretariat will assign one of the accredited test centres to carry out the Laboratory Tests. The manufacturer’s preferred approved test centre may be taken into consideration.

Granting of a Test Code

A specific test code will be allocated by ICAR and this code must be printed or engraved on all ear tags undergoing testing. See Paragraph 4.5.

Manufacturer requirements

At the commencement of the Laboratory Test, the manufacturer must deliver the following items to the assigned test centre:

1. 200 external RFID devices programmed with the reference ID codes.  The test code and reference printing (Appendix B3) must printed or engraved on the exterior of each device.
2. One tag applicator or an equivalent device supplied for the application of devices to animals.
3. A statement specifying the nature of the polymer used for the device.
4. A statement advising if any regrind material has been used in any component of the device.

Test procedure

Refer to the detailed test procedures in Appendix C4 (Laboratory Test for External RFID Devices)

Conclusion of the laboratory tests

The test centre will prepare a test report and will submit it to the ICAR Secretariat. All information collected during the laboratory tests will remain confidential and only disclosed to the manufacturer of the RFID device.

Upon the successful completion of the laboratory test, ICAR will send the test report and an official letter to the manufacturer granting ICAR certification for that RFID device.

Each test report on a successfully tested RFID device will include a summary sheet with an evaluation of the appropriate suitability of the RFID device for various production systems and / or environmental conditions.

If the Laboratory Test results are unsatisfactory, ICAR will send the manufacturer a test report indicating the reasons for the failure.

All test reports are shared with ICAR’s Animal Identification Sub-Committee for information.

ICAR conditions for certification of conventional permanent plastic ear tags

1. Upon successful completion of the ICAR test procedures described above, ICAR will grant a device certificate valid for five years and a certification code .
2. The certification is valid only for the specific external RFID device type successfully tested and certified by ICAR.
3. Manufacturers can only utilise the ICAR certification of a device under the following conditions:
   • The device must be manufactured by them;
   • The device must comply in all respects to the original ICAR certification (maintaining identical technology and production process, the same RFID transponder, etc.). If any modifications are made to the certified device, refer to the following point.
4. Once the ICAR certification has been granted, the manufacturer will be responsible to:
   • Keep an accurate and detailed log of all changes to their product and this log must be available to ICAR upon request. This log must include details of in-house performance measurements and Quality Assurance testing showing the product has maintained or enhanced its quality, performance and material composition.
   • Submit the product for a Device Change Notification (DCN – Appendix C2) when changes are made to the composition and environmental performance characteristics of the device during its 5-year certification period. At the determination of the ICAR Secretariat,the modified device may require a new certification code, and the manufacturer will need to declare if the modified device will replace the existing device or if the two devices are going to co-exist. Every DCN application will be reviewed individually by ICAR and the designated laboratory, and ICAR shall decide if a limited test is applicable, or if the significance of the modification(s) requires a full test. Note: The request for a DCN is not applicable to all types of changes to a device. Manufacturers should contact the ICAR Secretariat (manufacturers@icar.org) for guidance before they apply for DCN.
   • Submit the product for re-certification before the expiration of its current ICAR certification. The manufacturer must apply for re-certification no earlier than 6 months before the expiration of the certificate and no later than 5 months after the expiration of the certificate.
   • Understand that within the 5 year timeframe, should ICAR suspect a product change that has not been subjected to the tests outlined in this Procedure 5 of Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines, or any other breach of the conditions described in this chapter, ICAR may take sample products from the market and test their performance against the performance of the certified device.
5. Should the manufacturer fail to meet any or all above certificate conditions ICAR may withdraw the certification.
6. In disputes regarding the conditions above or the use of a certificate, the decision of ICAR will be binding.
7. ICAR will distribute an advice notice regarding any manufacturer distributing RFID devices in conflict with the testing and certification procedures outlined in this Procedure 5 of Section 10 of the ICAR Guidelines.

Procedure 6: Voluntary sampling of Identification Devices

Introduction

Voluntary sampling of ID devices is a service for national Competent Authorities or other service users, other than manufacturers or their agents. The service is a quality service to ensure that devices available in the relevant market(s) remain compliant with the appropriate ISO and ICAR test protocols. Voluntary sampling does not lead to certification of the devices.

Steps for the sampling of animal identification devices  

1. The applicant (Competent Authority or other service user) fills in the application form (Appendix D1), signs it and sends it to icar@icar.org.
2. The ICAR Secretariat processes the application, provides instructions to the applicant regarding the collection of the samples, and issues the invoice, which must be paid only by the applicant.
3. The sample devices are collected from the local market stock by the applicant – not by the manufacturer.
4. After receipt of the samples by the test laboratory, ICAR informs the respective manufacturer about the sampling request.
5. Devices are tested against the current ICAR standards and the results compared with original or earlier results for the same devices by a laboratory designated by ICAR. The applicant may also request or specify additional test protocols, provided these are defined in other existing ISO or ICAR higher level test protocols.
6. The test results are compiled into a confidential report, which is property of the applicant.
7. ICAR will not disclose information about which devices are being or have been tested from which countries/markets..

Sampling protocol

1. Devices shall be collected by the service user, organisation or authority making the request. It is a basic requirement that the device samples are obtained from the local market stock, with batch ID details given, and not from the manufacturer or his local agent.
2. The number of device samples required to be submitted for testing is as follows (or as differently specified by ICAR ):
   • For RFID devices (testing of transponder): 10 transponders.
   • For conventional ear tags or external RFID devices (testing of external material): 130 ear tags.
   • Two tag applicators supplied for application of tags to animals..
3. After receipt of the samples by the test laboratory but before the test begins, ICAR will inform the respective manufacturer about the sampling request and seek confirmation from the manufacturer that the device obtained for sampling from the specific country or market, is indeed a device that the manufacturer recognises as being or having been marketed in that country.
4. Voluntary sampling of ID devices is a service for national Competent Authorities or other service users, other than manufacturers or their agents. The service is a quality service to ensure that devices available in the relevant market(s) remain compliant with the appropriate ISO and ICAR test protocols. Voluntary sampling does not lead to certification of the devices.

Testing protocol

1. The Competent Authority or service user making each request is responsible for the intervals at which they require sampling to be carried out.
2. Device(s) will be tested against the current ICAR Guidelines and the results compared with original or earlier results for the same device(s) by a laboratory designated by ICAR.
3. A basic device test will be carried out by using:
   • The Limited Test protocol for the RFID conformance tested devices. (Procedure 1, Section 10 ‘Conformance of Transponders with ISO standards’ available here).
   • The Preliminary Assessment protocol for the material performance of the tested devices (Appendix B4. Preliminary Test for Conventional Plastic Ear Tags (here), or Appendix C3. Preliminary Test for External RFID Devices available here).
4. Additional Testing: The service user may also request or specify additional test protocols, beyond those specified in the Limited Test protocol or Preliminary Assessment protocol, provided those additional test(s) are defined in other existing ISO or ICAR higher level test protocols. The designated test laboratory will then quote the additional cost(s) in the test plan they submit to the ICAR Secretariat.  The ICAR Secretariat will then pass on those additional costs to the service user making the request.

Evaluation of tests results

As stated above, test results will be compared with original or earlier results for the same device(s) . In case of discrepancies in the results versus previous tests, the reference test report will be:

1. The full conformance test report, in case of RFID devices.
2. The laboratory test report (not the preliminary assessment report), in case of conventional ear tags (or electronic ear tags tested for material and environmental performance)..

Test Centers will have to prove via ring test that the test results are comparable.

Regarding testing of the material, the IR analysis and the tensile test, plus the ring test must be carried out to demonstrate if the material of the current samples is the same as that of the originally tested samples.

If the evaluation of the test results definitely demonstrates that the product is different from the one originally certified, ICAR will contact the manufacturer and will request a new full test of the device in order to provide a new certification. In case the manufacturer rejects the request of a new test, ICAR reserves the right to revoke the certification of the device.    

Ownership, publication and reporting of results

1. The test results will be compiled into a confidential report, a copy of which will then be transmitted to the service user(s) who signed the application. The service user or applicant then becomes the owner of that report. The ICAR Secretariat will retain a confidential copy of the report for reference and comparison purposes.
2. Ownership of the reports::
   • Service user: Owns the test report. Should not access any previous reports or reports owned by other service users.
   • Manufacturer: Owns the original or previous test report(s). Can obtain the test report upon agreement with the service user.
   • Laboratory: Issues the test report. Needs the manufacturer’s permission to access any previous reports, if these were not produced by the same laboratory..
3. Test results relating to the same device(s), but submitted in requests from different applicants may be compared by the ICAR Secretariat or the designated laboratories acting on its behalf. In cases where the test results reveal differences between samples of the same device(s) between tests from different applicants or service users, the test report will detail those differences and their implications. It will then become the responsibility of the respective Competent Authority who submitted the request(s) to take any initiative they require to resolve or explain those differences with the relevant manufacturer, to the mutual satisfaction of those parties. If the case reveals non-compliance with ICAR’s device certification protocols, then the case must be reported to the ICAR Secretariat. ICAR reserves the right to revoke the certification of the device.     

Confidentiality

1. ICAR will not publish the names of the Competent Authorities and/or service users who have applied for voluntary sampling services. Nor share the results of tests requested by independent authorities directly with the relevant device manufacturers, unless the authority’s permission is asked and given.
2. ICAR will not disclose information about which devices are being or have been tested from which countries/markets.
3. All test results shall be kept confidential between ICAR and the authority making the request, with the exception of comparisons between tests of the same devices mentioned under ’Ownership, publication and reporting of results’. Specific test results are returned only to the authority making the request(s) and providing the specific samples.

Appendix B3: Numbers of Reference Printing

Values

Set nr.	Digits
1	8080
2	7117
3	3883
4	5656
5	8808
6	3383
7	1717
8	3038
9	9989
10	4949
11	9444
12	2727
13	2772
14	7222
15	1441
16	1114
17	1414
18	5665
19	6555
20	1234
21	5678
22	9012
23	0888
24	8998
25	8999

Appendix B4: Preliminary Test for Conventional Plastic Ear Tags

Manufacturer requirements

At the commencement of the Preliminary assessment the manufacturer must deliver:

1. A sample of 130 ear tags marked with the reference printing applied using the same technique and style as used (or intended to be used) in the commercially marketed tags. Note: Tags used in this phase are likely to be destroyed during testing.
2. Two tag applicators or equivalent devices supplied for the application of tags to animals..

Ear tag design

Ear tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions especially on the shaft of the piercing pin. The following measurements will be taken:

1. The dimensions of the front and rear plate (height, width and thickness).
2. The pin (length and diameter).
3. The entrance hole of the cap.
4. The weight of the complete locked ear tag.
5. The distance between the base of the pin and the base of the plate, i.e. the maximum possible distance between the inner side of the male and female components when the device is coupled, measured at the pin, with the two tag plates parallel with each other..

Values and observations potentially impacting on animal welfare will be reportedgs.

Colour staining test

This test detects the risk of potential colour staining resulting from inappropriate production processes with potential toxicity to humans and animals.  The test will be done referencing ISO 105-X12. Grey scale will not be assessed but will be replaced by a visual inspection of colour staining on the cloths from the tag component under assessment.  The colour staining test will be conducted on three randomly selected ear tags.  If any colour residues specific to the colour of the tag are seen on the cloth, then the ear tag has failed the preliminary assessment.  The cloth used in this test will be compliant with ISO-105-F09 (Specification for Cotton Rubbing Cloth).

Locking mechanism checks

The primary purpose of these tests is to verify that the male to female locking mechanism, once correctly applied using the supplied applicator, cannot be subsequently dismantled in such a way that would allow the tag or one of the tag parts to be re-used.  A locked ear tag must be designed where neither the male nor female part can be re-usable.  For one-piece (loop) tags, either the male pin or female locking cap must break such that the tag cannot be used.  Tampering with a locked ear tag shall render the tag unusable.

Pre-conditioning of tag applicator

Devices requiring coupling for various testing procedures will be coupled in an environment of 21°C ± 2° and a relative humidity (RH) of 50% ± 10%. Before coupling, the supplied applicator and the devices will be preconditioned to this environment for a minimum period of 24 hours.

Application test

The application evaluation will be carried out using two groups of tags:

Group 1: 80 tags with the front and rear tag components locked together but without being inserted through ears.

Group 2: 40 tags applied and locked into ears obtained post slaughter.

The performance level required for the 120 ear tags shall be:

1. Successful locking of the front and rear tag components of all ear tags.
2. No breakage of any tag component at locking.
3. No deformation of any tag component after locking.
4. No unlocking without breakage or irreparable damage to the ear tag..

The test centre will also check the rotation of the tag components on the locked tags. The following characterisation will be used:

1. Tag components rotate freely.
2. Tag components rotate but not freely.
3. Tag components do not rotate.

Resistance of the locking system

The 80 ear tags of Group 1 will be divided into four sub-groups of 20 tags. These four sub-groups will be subjected to increasing forces to determine the force required to cause breakage or unfastening of the ear tag. The forces will be applied at a speed rate of 500 mm/min. The force applied to cause breakage or unfastening of each ear tag will be recorded.

1. Group 1: axial test at ambient conditions (21°C ± 2°)
2. Group 2: axial test at 55°C (± 2°); the forces will be applied within 10 seconds after the tags are removed from the heating or climatic chamber
3. Group 3: transverse test at ambient conditions (21°C ± 2°)
4. Group 4: transverse test at 55°C (± 2°); the forces will be applied within 10 seconds after the tags are removed from the heating or climatic chamber.

Transverse testing is not conducted on one-piece (loop) tags.

Requirements

1. None of the ear tags – neither male nor female part – must be re-usable. Male pin tips must break off and remain within the female caps (locking gap).
2. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in cattle shall not break with the application of a force lower than 280 Newton.
3. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in sheep and / or goats shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
4. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in pigs shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.

Introduction of samples into the climatic chamber

To avoid irradiation of the stem and pin, the samples must be closed with the applicator, then pulled apart and turned around so that male faces upwards and the female downwards, or vice versa. See pictures below:

 Appendix B5: Laboratory Test for Conventional Plastic Ear Tags

Assessment of descriptive parameters

The parameters describing the ear tag will be assessed and compared to the information provided in the Application Form to ensure accuracy of description.

Weight and dimensions

Ear tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions especially on the shaft of the piercing pin. The following measurements will be taken:

1. The dimensions of the front and rear plate (height, width and thickness)
2. The pin (length and diameter)
3. The weight of the complete locked ear tag
4. The entrance hole of the cap
5. The distance between the base of the pin and the base of the plate, i.e., the maximum possible distance between the inner side of the male and female components when the device is coupled, measured at the pin, with the two tag plates parallel with each other.

The results of these measurements will be compared to the Preliminary Assessment test report to ensure the accuracy of the samples..

Composition

Because ear tags are attached to "food producing" animals, they must meet specific requirements set down by international laws and regulations. In addition to these requirements, substances affecting animal, human or environmental health need to be detected. As such, certain chemical and physical composition traits of the ear tag will be evaluated.  This evaluation will involve 20 ear tags.

Characteristics of the ear tag plate plastic

To characterise the basic component of the plastic raw material, one ear tag plate is submitted to an Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Sample preparation is not necessary as the ear tag plate is pressed directly against the ATR-crystal. After analysis, the resulting ATR spectrum will be compared with characteristic spectra stored in specific databases.

Following this analysis, a material sample is submitted to a Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to analyse the thermal characteristics of the material as per ISO 11357. This analysis allows the detection of overlapping IR curves, e.g. if an additional component of minor quality was used to stretch the main component.

Melting point and glass transition temperatures are recorded to indicate the specific thermal characteristics of the plastic material..

Harmful substances

Pigmented plastics may contain critical heavy metals which must be recorded. These metals are: Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and chromium (Cr). If chromium is detected, an additional analysis of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium will be done. The following limit values must not be exceeded:

1. Cadmium: 100 mg/kg
2. Lead: 10 mg/kg
3. Mercury: 1 mg/kg
4. Chromate (Cr VI): < 1 mg/kg

Pre-conditioning of tag applicator

Devices requiring coupling for various testing procedures will be coupled in an environment of 21°C ± 2° and a relative humidity (RH) of 50% ± 10%. Before coupling, the supplied applicator and the devices will be preconditioned to this environment for a minimum period of 24 hours.

Pre-treatments

Various treatments are required to prepare tags for the testing of particular characteristics and are outlined in the following sections. These pre-treatments and ensuing performance assessments are summarized in the following table:

	New tags			UV/rain aged tags		Damp heat/cold aged tags
	Untreated	Acid / Alkaline bath		Untreated	Abraded	Untreated
Colour Staining	X
Visual readability Typography Colour contrast	X X			X X	X
Machine readability Barcode scanning Barcode quality check	X X	X		X	X	X
Resistance of the locking mechanism	X			X		X

Acid and alkaline bath treatment

Three coupled ear tags are immersed for 3 weeks in a 21°C acid liquid (acetic acid, pH = 3) and another three coupled ear tags are immersed for 3 weeks in a 21°C alkaline liquid (sodium hydroxide, pH = 12). Both these treatments are to ensure compliance with ISO 175 for thermoplastics and ISO 1817 for vulcanized elastomers.  As a reference, another three coupled ear tags are immersed in demineralized water for the same time period as the acid and alkaline baths.

These tests will only be done on ear tags where the tip and inner ring of the locking mechanism contain metal parts to ensure there is no susceptibility to galvanic corrosion.

After treatment, the samples are rinsed with demineralized water and dried for assessment of obvious deformation or material loss.  Samples are also weighed before and after tests to detect material loss.

Ageing by damp heat and cold

In accordance with ISO 4611, 40 ear tags are placed into alternating cycles of 12 hours damp heat (40°C ± 2° / 95% RH) and 12 hours cold (-25°C ± 2°) for a duration of 3 weeks in a climatic chamber.

Resistance to artificial ageing

In accordance with EN ISO 4892-2, procedure A/cycle 1, 40 coupled ear tags are tested against resistance to sunlight. The exposure chamber will be fitted with xenon-arc lamps according to EN ISO 4892-2 and operated continuously for 1,000 hours. Due to the normal movement of animals' ears, both sides of a coupled ear tag are affected by the sun and other climatic elements. To simulate this process in the laboratory, ear tags undergoing an artificial aging testing within the climatic chamber are turned over after 500 hours.  This ensures both sides of the coupled ear tag undergo 500 hours of exposure which has proven to be a sufficient time to assess aging behavior and to measure impacts on the material adequately. These 1,000 hours will consist of repeated cycles of 102 minutes of radiant exposure followed by 18 minutes of combined irradiation and rain simulation. The irradiance level of the xenon-arc lamps will be 60 W/m² (at 300-400 nm).

Abrasive treatment

Five new, untreated ear tags and five artificially aged ear tags will be subjected to an abrasive treatment as per ISO 9352. These tags will receive 1500 cycles of abrasion in a 21°C ±2° laboratory environment.

The abrasive treatment uses CS17 abrasive wheels and a load of 1,000 g (or 9.8 N). The front plates of the tags are cut to a disc of about 100 mm in diameter and mounted on the test plate of the Taber Abrader.

Colour staining test

The test consists in wiping the ear tags with soft white tissue. If colour is visible on the tissue, the test is a fail.

Introduction of samples into the climatic chamber

To avoid irradiation of the stem and pin, the samples must be closed (coupled) with the manufacturer-supplied applicator, then spread apart and turned around so that male faces upwards and the female downwards, or vice versa. See pictures below:

Performance Assessment

Typography readability

Five new, untreated tags and five tags from the following two treatment groups will be selected for assessment:

1. Group 1: Artificially aged tags not subjected to the abrasive treatment.
2. Group 2: Artificially aged tags subjected to the abrasive treatment.

Five randomly chosen numbers as given in Appendix B3 will be printed on five white pages of paper. The font size, print style and character spacing will replicate that used for the ear tags.

The test tags and the pages with the printed numbers will be placed on a vertical surface (viewing surface) at head height in an appropriately lit laboratory room. Five assessors will stand 15 metres from the viewing surface and then commence walking towards it. Each assessor will attempt to read the numbers on the different ear tags and pages and the distance at which each device (ear tag or page) can be read without error will be recorded on the evaluation sheet.

The mean reading distance for both the pages and the ear tags will be separately calculated for each assessor and for the average of the assessors.

The following requirements must be met:

1. New, untreated tags: The mean distance at which the reference printing is read on the ear tags must be at least 80 % of the mean distance at which the pages are read.
2. Artificially aged tags with and without the abrasive treatment: The mean distance at which the reference printing is read for the ear tags must be at least 65 % of the mean distance at which the pages are read..

Evaluation of colour contrast change

The colour difference of the ear tag plates and of the laser printing is measured and compared between three new ear tags and three artificially aged ear tags by use of spectral photometric measuring equipment according to ISO 11664-4.

After artificial ageing, the change in colour must be less than delta E* of 15 CIELAB units.

Evaluation of contrast change for ear tags with combined laser and inkjet printing

Combined laser and inkjet printed tags can be tested as an additional option. If the option is chosen, then they will be tested in addition and parallel to laser printed tags only.  If combined laser and inkjet printed tags will be tested, then ten tags with combined laser and inkjet printing shall be delivered in addition to the standard required quantity of laser printed tags for laboratory testing.

The tags printed with combined laser and inkjet printing will be subjected to the colour contrast change evaluation test before and after an abrasive treatment (see Appendix B5 Paragraph 3.5). The comparative evaluation will be against a new tag printed with laser only.  The change in colour must not fade beyond a maximum colour change of delta E* ≤ 15 CIELAB units.

Evaluation of machine readability (optional)

This evaluation will occur if the manufacturer requests the machine readability testing in the Application Form (Appendix B1).

For ear tags with linear barcodes, the "Quiet Zone" or margin at each end of the barcode must be at least 5mm. The height of the barcode must be at least 8mm.

Barcode scanning

The ear tags subjected to the Phase 3 treatments will be scanned with three different handheld barcode readers.

The treated ear tags will be scanned in sequence and after the initial ear tag is successfully read, the second tag is scanned until successfully read. Each ear tag will be scanned a maximum of four times. This procedure is repeated for each tag in the treatment group and after the last tag is scanned, the scanning is recommenced (Run 2) with the first tag. A total of 60 scans per treatment and reader type will be conducted to obtain sufficient data to assess performance.

The number of scans required to successfully read each tag (e.g. one, two, three or four) in each run is recorded.

The scanning success rate of tags from each treatment group is expressed in a percentage value and based on the number of scans required for a successful read. The performance of the tag is assessed against the minimum performance standards shown below::

No. of scans required	Proportion of tags successfully read at each scan
1	95%
2	98%
3	99.7%

The scanning performance achieved for each treatment is included in the ICAR report sent to Service-ICAR at the conclusion of the laboratory tests.

Barcode print quality assessment

Print quality assessment will be undertaken on ten new, untreated tags using the protocols described below.

Using an ISO 15426-1 barcode verifier the linear barcodes are assessed for print quality according to ISO 15416. Every ear tag will be scanned ten times to build average grades.

An ANSI scale of A (highly satisfactory) to F (unsatisfactory) will be used to grade the print quality for each characteristic. When determining the overall print quality, the final score for the code on a tag is the worst grade recorded for any of the assessed characteristics. Failure reasons will be given in the test report.

The following linear barcode print quality specifications must be met:

1. Decode (the only grades used are A and F): A
2. Decodability: minimum D meaning >25%
3. Check Character (if available): OK
4. Symbol Contrast (Rmax - Rmin): minimum D meaning >25%

In the print contrast component of the test for 2D barcodes, the QR code and DM symbols are assessed for print quality using a barcode verifier that complies with the AIM International standards, Section "M" under Matrix Code Print Quality Guideline.

The following 2D barcode print quality specifications must be met:

1. Decode (the only grades used are A and F): A
2. Symbol contrast: minimum D, meaning >25%
3. Print growth X axis and Y axis: A/A, A/B or B/A
4. Axial non-uniformity: A

The standard of symbols must be no more than one print quality grade below that for each parameter on an unused tag without treatment.

Evaluation of the resistance of the locking system

The ear tags are pre-conditioned for at least 2 hours before testing at the respective temperature. Testing must occur within 10 seconds after the ear tag is removed from the chamber.

30 new, untreated ear tags, 30 artificially aged ear tags and 30 ear tags submitted to the damp heat and cold treatment will be subjected to increasing forces to determine the force required to cause breakage or unfastening of the ear tag.

For cattle, sheep and goat ear tags, the test is performed at -25°C (± 2°), 21°C (±2°C) and 55°C (± 2°C) combined with 50% RH (when the temperature is higher than 0°C) with 10 ear tags from the three treatment variations.

For pig ear tags, the test is performed at -10°C (± 2°), 21°C (± 2°) and 55 °C (± 2°) combined with 50% RH (when the temperature is higher than 0°C) with 10 ear tags from the three treatment variations.

For tags which are used for both sheep/goat and pigs, the test is performed at -25°C (±2°), ‑10°C (± 2°), 21°C (± 2°C), and 55°C (± 2°C) combined with 50% RH (when the temperature is higher than 0°C) with 10 ear tags from the three treatment variations.

The forces will be applied at a rate of 500 mm/min within 10 seconds after the tags are removed from the climatic chamber. The force applied to cause breakage or unfastening of each ear tag will be recorded.

Requirements

1. None of the ear tags – neither male nor female part – must be re-usable. Male pin tips must break off and remain within the female caps (locking gap)
2. At 21°C (± 2°C), no breakage should occur in:
   • Tags designed to be used in cattle with the application of a force lower than 280 Newton.
   • Tags designed to be used in sheep and / or goats with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
   • Tags designed to be used in pigs with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
3. The minimum breaking force applies to devices irrespective of treatments (artificial ageing, damp heat and cold).

Additionally, the distortion occurring in the ear tag at the time of breakage or unfastening will be recorded during the tensile tests as an indicator for any changes in the mechanical properties of the plastic after exposure to the artificial ageing and the damp heat/cold treatments.

---

^[1] For ear tags made of moisture-sensitive material like PA (polyamide), the test must be carried out at the same laboratory humidity (50 % ± 10 %) like used during the preconditioning.

Appendix C3: Preliminary Test for External RFID Devices

Manufacturer requirements

At the commencement of the Preliminary Assessment the manufacturer must deliver

1. A sample of 130 RFID devices programmed with the reference ID codes and the reference printing. The printing must be applied using the same technique and style as used (or intended to be used) in the commercially marketed devices. Note: Devices used in this phase are likely to be destroyed during testing.
2. Two applicators or equivalent devices supplied for the application of devices to animals.

Ear tag design

Ear tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions especially on the shaft of the piercing pin. The following measurements will be taken:

1. The dimensions of the front and rear plate (height, width and thickness).
2. The pin (length and diameter).
3. The entrance hole of the cap.
4. The weight of the complete locked ear tag.
5. The distance between the base of the pin and the base of the plate, i.e., the maximum possible distance between the inner side of the male and female components when the device is coupled, measured at the pin, with the two tag plates parallel with each other.

Values and observations potentially impacting on animal welfare will be reported.

Colour staining test

This test detects the risk of potential colour staining resulting from inappropriate production processes with potential toxicity to humans and animals.  The test will be done referencing ISO 105-X12. Grey scale will not be assessed but will be replaced by a visual inspection of colour staining on the cloths from the tag component under assessment.  The colour staining test will be conducted on three randomly selected ear tags.  If any colour residues specific to the colour of the tag material are seen on the cloth, then the ear tag has failed the preliminary assessment.  The cloth used in this test will be compliant with ISO-105-F09 (Specification for Cotton Rubbing Cloth).

Electronic readability check

Every submitted RFID ear tag will be read with an ICAR approved handheld reader to ensure the reference ID codes transmitted meet the requirements outlined in section 4.5 of Procedure 5, Section 10 ‘Testing of External RFID Devices’ (available here).

Locking mechanism checks

The primary purpose of these tests is to verify that the male to female locking mechanism, once correctly applied using the supplied applicator, cannot be subsequently dismantled in such a way that would allow the tag, or one of the tag parts, to be re-used. A locked ear tag must be designed where neither the male nor female part can be re-usable. For one-piece (loop) tags, either the male pin or female locking cap must break such that the tag cannot be used. Tampering with a locked ear tag shall render the tag unusable.

Pre-conditioning of tag applicator

Devices requiring coupling for various testing procedures will be coupled in an environment of 21°C ± 2° and a relative humidity (RH) of 50% ± 10%. Before coupling, the supplied applicator and the devices will be preconditioned to this environment for a minimum period of 24 hours.

Application test

The application evaluation will be carried out using two groups of tags:

1. RFID ear tags classified as flag tags (extended front plates):
   • Group 1: 80 tags with the front and rear tag components locked together but without being inserted through ears
   • Group 2: 40 tags applied and locked into ears obtained post slaughter
2. RFID ear tags not classified as flag tags:
   • Group 1: 40 tags with the front and rear tag components locked together but without being inserted through ears
   • Group 2: 40 tags applied and locked into ears obtained post slaughter

The performance level required for the submitted ear tags shall be:

1. Successful locking of the front and rear tag components of all ear tags.
2. No breakage of any tag component at locking.
3. No deformation of any tag component after locking.
4. No unlocking without breakage or irreparable damage to the ear tag.

The test centre will also check the rotation of the tag components on the locked tags. The following characterisation will be used:

1. Tag components rotate freely.
2. Tag components rotate but not freely.
3. Tag components do not rotate..

Resistance of the locking system

The ear tags must be pre-conditioned for at least 2 hours before testing at the respective temperature. Testing must occur within 10 seconds after the ear tag is removed from the climatic chamber.

Flag Tags

The 80 RFID ear tags of Group 1 will be divided into four sub-groups of 20 tags. Those four sub‑groups will be subjected to increasing forces to determine the force required to cause breakage or unfastening of the ear tag. The forces will be applied at a speed rate of 500 mm/min. The force applied to cause breakage or unfastening of each ear tag will be recorded.

1. Group 1: axial test at ambient conditions 21°C (± 2°).
2. Group 2: axial test at 55°C (± 2°); the forces will be applied immediately after the tags are removed from the heating or climatic chamber.
3. Group 3: transverse test at ambient conditions 21°C (± 2°).
4. Group 4: transverse test at 55 °C (± 2°); the forces will be applied within 10 seconds after the tags are removed from the heating or climatic chamber..

Requirements

1. None of the ear tags - neither male nor female part - must be re-usable. Male pin tips must break off and remain within the female caps (locking gap).
2. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in cattle shall not break with the application of a force lower than 280 Newton.
3. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in sheep and / or goats shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
4. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in pigs shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.

Ear tags not classified as flag tags

The ear tags must be pre-conditioned for at least 2 hours before testing at the respective temperature. Testing must occur within 10 seconds after the ear tag is removed from the climatic chamber.

The 40 RFID ear tags of Group 1 will be divided into two sub-groups of 20 tags. Those two sub‑groups will be subjected to increasing forces to determine the force required to cause breakage or unfastening of the ear tag. The forces will be applied at a speed rate of 500 mm/min. The force applied to cause breakage or unfastening of each ear tag will be recorded.

1. Group 1: axial test at ambient conditions 21°C (± 2°).
2. Group 2: axial test at 55°C (± 2°); the forces will be applied immediately after the tags are removed from the heating or climatic chamber.

Requirements

1. None of the ear tags - neither male nor female part - must be re-usable. Male pin tips must break off and remain within the female caps (locking gap).
2. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in cattle shall not break with the application of a force lower than 280 Newton.
3. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in sheep and / or goats shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
4. At ambient conditions, axially tested tags designed to be used in pigs shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.

Introduction of samples into the climatic chamber

To avoid irradiation of the stem and pin, the samples must be closed with the applicator, then pulled apart and turned around so that male faces upwards and the female downwards, or vice versa. See pictures below:

Testing RFID leg tags

To assess conformance of the RFID leg tags with the information given in the application form and to also detect any major failure e.g. electronic non-readability, damage of the device at application, inappropriate animal welfare design etc., the leg tags will be submitted to a Preliminary Assessment.

Leg tag design

RFID leg tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions. The following measurements will be taken:

1. The weight of the leg tag
2. The dimensions of the leg tag (length, width and thickness)
3. The adjustable diameter

Values and observations potentially impacting on animal welfare will be reported.

Electronic readability check

Every submitted RFID leg tag will be read with an ICAR approved handheld reader to ensure the reference ID codes transmitted meet the requirements outlined in section 4.5 of Procedure 5, Section 10 ‘Testing of External RFID Devices’ (available here).

Appendix C4: Laboratory Test for External RFID Devices

Assessment of descriptive parameters

The parameters describing the RFID device will be assessed and compared to the information provided in the Application Form to ensure accuracy of description.

Weight and dimensions

The following measurements will be taken from five of the submitted RFID devices:

1. Ear tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions especially on the shaft of the piercing pin. The following measurements will be taken:
   • The dimensions of the front and rear plate (height, width and thickness)
   • The pin (length and diameter)
   • The weight of the complete locked ear tag
   • The entrance hole of the cap
   • The distance between the base of the pin and the base of the plate, i.e., the maximum possible distance between the inner side of the male and female components when the device is coupled, measured at the pin, with the two tag plates parallel with each other..
2. Leg tags shall have smooth, rounded corners and no sharp edges or protrusions. The following measurements will be taken:
   • The weight of the leg tag.
   • The dimensions of the leg tag (length, width and thickness).
   • The adjustable diameter.

The results of these measurements will be compared to the Preliminary Assessment test report to ensure the accuracy of the samples.

Composition

Because RFID devices are attached to "food producing" animals, they must meet specific requirements set down by international laws and regulations. In addition to these requirements, substances affecting animal, human or environmental health need to be detected. As such, certain chemical and physical composition traits of the RFID device will be evaluated.  This evaluation will involve 20 RFID devices.

Characteristics of the plastic of the ear or leg tag

To characterise the basic component of the plastic raw material, one device is submitted to an Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. If the RFID ear tag contains a flag (an extended plate), the ear tag plate is pressed directly against the ATR-crystal. With leg tags or ear tags without a flag, the laboratory will determine if sample preparation is necessary. After analysis, the resulting ATR spectrum will be compared with characteristic spectra stored in specific databases.

Following this analysis, a material sample is submitted to a Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to analyse the thermal characteristics of the material as per according to ISO 11357. This analysis allows the detection of overlapping IR curves, e.g. if an additional component of minor quality was used to stretch the main component.

Melting point and glass transition temperatures are recorded to indicate the specific thermal characteristics of the plastic material.

Harmful substances

Pigmented plastics may contain critical heavy metals which must be recorded. These metals are: Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and chromium (Cr). If chromium is detected, an additional analysis of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium will be done. The following limit values must not be exceeded:

1. Cadmium: 100 mg/kg
2. Lead: 10 mg/kg
3. Mercury: 1 mg/kg
4. Chromate (Cr VI): < 1 mg/kg

Pre-conditioning of tag applicator

Devices requiring coupling for various testing procedures will be coupled in an environment of 21°C ± 2° and a relative humidity (RH) of 50% ± 10%. Before coupling, the supplied applicator and the devices will be preconditioned to this environment for a minimum period of 24 hours.

Performance Assessments

The tests described in this section are designed to determine the stability and endurance of the RFID devices. The performance assessments are summarized in the following table.

Note: Acid and alkaline treatments are mandatory in ear tags where the tip and inner ring of the locking mechanism contain metal parts.

	Electronic ear tags			Electronic leg tags
	New	Artificially aged	Damp heat treated	New
Artificial ageing (ISO 4892-2, A/1)	X			X
Free fall (IEC 60068-2-32)	X	X		X
Cold (IEC 60068-2-1)	X			X
Dry heat (IEC 60068-2-2)	X			X
Damp heat (ISO 4611)	X			X
Tensile test of the locking mechanism	X	X	X
Visual readability Typography (flag tags only) Colour contrast change	X X	X X
Electronic readability (ISO 24631-1, ISO 24631-3)*	X	X	X	X

A readability test is performed after every environmental test.

Initial readability test

20 randomly selected RFID devices will be read before commencing any environmental test. The readability test is done according to ISO 24631-1 and 24631-3. Identification number (ID code), resonance frequency, minimum activation field strength and all relevant performance parameters are measured and recorded. The recorded values will be used as the reference for every following read test.

Acid and alkaline bath treatment

Three coupled ear tags are immersed for 3 weeks in a 21°C acid liquid (acetic acid, pH = 3) and another three coupled ear tags are immersed for 3 weeks in a 21°C alkaline liquid (sodium hydroxide, pH = 12). Both these treatments are to ensure compliance with ISO 175 for thermoplastics and ISO 1817 for vulcanized elastomers.  As a reference, another three coupled ear tags are immersed in demineralized water for the same time period as the acid and alkaline baths.

These tests will only be done on ear tags where the tip and inner ring of the locking mechanism contain metal parts to ensure there is no susceptibility to galvanic corrosion.

After treatment, the samples are rinsed with demineralized water and dried for assessment of obvious deformation or material loss.  Samples are also weighed before and after tests to detect material loss.

Resistance to artificial ageing

In accordance with EN ISO 4892-2, procedure A/cycle 1, 40 coupled ear tags are tested against resistance to sunlight. The exposure chamber will be fitted with xenon-arc lamps according to EN ISO 4892-2 and operated continuously for 1,000 hours. Due to the normal movement of animals' ears, both sides of a coupled ear tag are affected by the sun and other climatic elements. To simulate this process in the laboratory, ear tags undergoing an artificial aging testing within the climatic chamber are turned over after 500 hours.  This ensures both sides of the coupled ear tag undergo 500 hours of exposure which has proven to be a sufficient time to assess aging behavior and to measure impacts on the material adequately. These 1,000 hours will consist of repeated cycles of 102 minutes of radiant exposure followed by 18 minutes of combined irradiation and rain simulation. The irradiance level of the xenon-arc lamps will be 60 W/m² (at 300-400 nm).

Resistance to tensile loading

This test only applies to RFID ear tags (not applicable for leg tags).

The ear tags are pre-conditioned for at least 2 hours before testing at the respective temperature. Testing must occur within 10 seconds after the ear tag is removed from the climatic chamber.

This test is done using 30 new ear tags, 30 artificially aged tags and 30 tags submitted to damp heat treatment. For cattle, sheep, and goat ear tags, the test is performed at -25°C (± 2°), 21°C (±2°C) and 55°C (± 2°C) combined with 50% RH (when the temperature is higher than 0°C) with 10 ear tags from the three treatment variations.

Note: For ear tags made of moisture-sensitive material like PA (polyamide), the test must be carried out at the same laboratory humidity (50 % ± 10 %) as used during preconditioning.

For pig ear tags the test is performed at -10°C (± 2°), 21°C (± 2°) and 55 °C (± 2°) combined with 50% RH (when the temperature is higher than 0°C) with 10 ear tags from the three treatment variations.

For tags which are used for both sheep/goat and pigs, the test is performed at -25°C (±2°), ‑10 °C (± 2°), 21°C (± 2°C), and 55°C (± 2°C).

To test the tensile strength of the locking mechanism the ear tag is affixed to a test jig simulating its application and attempts are made to remove the ear tag by subjecting it to increasing forces. The class 1 tensile test machine shall operate at a speed rate of 500 mm/min and be capable of generating loads of up to 1,000 N. An increasing load will be applied in axial direction. The maximum load and the effect(s) of the tensile force on the appearance and/or efficacy of the ear tags will be recorded.

Requirements

1. None of the ear tags – neither male nor female part – must be re-usable. Male pin tips must break off and remain within the female caps (locking cap).
2. At ambient conditions (21°C ± 2°), ear tags designed to be used in cattle shall not break with application of a force lower than 280 Newton.
3. At ambient conditions (21°C ± 2°), ear tags designed to be used in sheep and / or goats shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
4. At ambient conditions (21°C ± 2°), ear tags designed to be used in pigs shall not break with the application of a force lower than 200 Newton.
5. The minimum breaking force applies to devices irrespective of treatments (artificial aging, damp heat, etc.)

Resistance to impact of free fall

When tested in accordance with IEC 60068-2-32 the RFID device shall not split or crack after falling 1000 mm onto a concrete surface. The test conditions are as follows:

1. The tag component containing the transponder is levelled in 3 attitudes (horizontally, vertically top and bottom) and dropped twice in each attitude.
2. The above test is carried out on three new and three artificially aged devices.
3. The test shall be carried out at a temperature of 21°C (± 3°) and at ambient humidity. The test is repeated after an hour's storage at -20°C (± 2°) immediately after the device is removed from the climatic chamber.

After the free fall test, a readability test is performed according to ISO 24631-1 and ISO 24631‑3 on the tested RFID devices to ensure every device has survived the procedure with the transponder in situ and remains compliant with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.  The measured values are compared to those of the reference devices.

Resistance to cold

In accordance with IEC 60068-2-1, 10 new tags are exposed to a constant climate of -25°C (± 2°) for 24 hours.

Directly after removing the samples from the climatic chamber a readability test is performed according to ISO 24631-1 and ISO 24631-3 on the tested RFID devices to ensure every device has survived the procedure with the transponder in situ with no change in performance.  The measured values are compared to those of the reference devices.

Resistance to dry heat

In accordance with IEC 60068-2-2, 10 new tags are exposed to a constant climate of 55°C (± 3°) for 24 hours.

Directly after removing the samples from the climatic chamber a readability test is performed according to ISO 24631-1 and ISO 24631-3 on the tested RFID devices to ensure every device has survived the procedure with the transponder in situ with no change in performance. The measured values are compared to those of the reference devices.

Resistance to damp heat and cold

In accordance with ISO 4611, 40 ear tags are placed into alternating cycles of 12 hours damp heat (40°C ± 2° / 95% RH) and 12 hours cold (-25°C ± 2°) for a duration of 3 weeks in a climatic chamber.

Upon completion of this test, a readability test is performed on 10 ear tags according to ISO 24631‑1 and ISO 24631-3 on the tested RFID devices to ensure every device has survived the procedure with the transponder in situ with no change in performance. The measured values are compared to those of the initial test.

Introduction of samples into the climatic chamber

To avoid irradiation of the stem and pin, the samples must be closed (coupled) with the manufacturer-supplied applicator, then spread apart and turned around so that male faces upwards and the female downwards, or vice versa. See pictures below:

Typography readability

This test applies to RFID ear tags classified as flag tags only.

Five new ear tags and five artificially aged tags will be selected for assessment.

Five randomly chosen numbers as given in Appendix B3 will be printed on five white pages of paper. The font size, print style and character spacing will replicate that used for the ear tags.

The test tags and the pages with the printed numbers will be placed on a vertical surface (viewing surface) at head height in an appropriately lit laboratory room. Five assessors will stand 15 metres from the viewing surface and then commence walking towards it. Each assessor will attempt to read the numbers on the different ear tags and pages and the distance at which each device (ear tag or page) can be read without error will be recorded on the evaluation sheet.

The mean reading distance for both the pages and the ear tags will be separately calculated for each assessor and for the average of the assessors.

The following requirements must be met:

1. New, untreated tags: The mean distance at which the reference printing is read on the ear tags must be at least 80% of the mean distance at which the pages are read.
2. Artificially aged tags: The mean distance at which the reference printing is read for the ear tags must be at least 65% of the mean distance at which the pages are read.

Evaluation of colour contrast change

The colour difference of the ear tag plates and of the laser printing is measured and compared between three new ear tags and three artificially aged ear tags by use of spectral photometric measuring equipment according to ISO 11664-4.

After artificial ageing, the change in colour must be less than delta E* of 15 CIELAB units.

Evaluation of contrast change for ear tags with combined laser and inkjet printing

Combined laser and inkjet printed tags can be tested as an additional option. If the option is chosen, then they will be tested in addition and parallel to laser printed tags only.  If combined laser and inkjet printed tags will be tested, then ten tags with combined laser and inkjet printing shall be delivered in addition to the standard required quantity of laser printed tags for laboratory testing.

The tags printed with combined laser and inkjet printing will be subjected to the colour contrast change evaluation test before and after an abrasive treatment (see Appendix B5 Paragraph 3.5). The comparative evaluation will be against a new tag printed with laser only.  The change in colour must not fade beyond a maximum colour change of delta E* ≤ 15 CIELAB units.