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• 14:21, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Merging and sharing data in genetic evaluations (Created page with "To increase the accuracy, it is important that feed intake records are collected on animals as closely related to the selection candidates as possible. A large genetic distance between historical data and current selection candidates is therefore a disadvantage. Also, the genetic connectedness between contemporary groups, through common sires, is important to separate the permanent environmental and genetic effects in the data. With many small, disconnected nutritional e...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:16, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Genotyping and imputation (Created page with "One of the issues with combining data from research herds for genomic analysis is that different SNP chips may be used for each experiment. Fortunately, most of the commercially available SNP chips have many SNP in common, so a set of common SNPs can generally be identified. Another option is to impute genotypes from a low density to a higher one (e.g. from 50K to 777K (HD)), which may be advantageous for some (Bayesian) approaches for genomic prediction. This strategy r...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:10, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Feeding system (Created page with "The diet fed to the cows should be balanced to meet requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, and feeding a well-mixed TMR using silages or other wet feeds is likely to minimize sorting. If the feed is dry, such as a dry cubed feed, it can be important to measure the %DM in the refused feed separately. Common practice is that the diet is fed ad libitum, but there is little known about the effects of not doing so. The diet should be comparable to that fed...") Tag: Visual edit
• 01:40, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Lactation period (Created page with "deally feed intake should be measured across the lifetime of an animal. This is not realistic and often only short periods of recording are available. In lactating animals, it might be of particular importance to consider the period that feed intake is measured. Cows might compensate a more negative energy balance in early lactation by a higher intake during late lactation. Hence, biological feed intake might be a different trait during different parts of the lactation,...")
• 01:36, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Bulls, cows and young stock (Created page with "Recording on milking cows might be difficult, and practically it might be easier to record feed intake on young stock or bulls. Genetic correlations of these non-lactating animals with lactating animals were above 0.74 (Nieuwhof et al., 1992) indicating that more than 50% of the genetic variation among lactating animals can be observed in the non-lactating animals. In Australia and New Zealand, RFI was calculated for growing heifers. The extremes (top and bottom 10%) wer...")
• 01:33, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Additional recording (Created page with "In addition to recording feed intake, it seems obvious that cow identification and pedigree must be recorded for genetic analysis. However, nutritional experiments often use their own anonymous local identification number for cows, which makes it hard to trace the cow back to a national pedigree register. Ideally a DNA, or a hair or blood sample, should be collected from each cow to allow subsequent genotyping. Other traits that should be considered for weekly recording...")
• 01:29, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Number animals per bin (Created page with "The behaviour of the animal has influence on how they should be held. Cows are diurnal animals; they prefer to synchronise their behaviour. This has influence on how much space they need while eating. Enough space needs to be available so that natural cow behaviour is not affected. The number of animals per bin is also influenced by the amount of feed that is given to the animals. Cows can be fed a set amount of feed, which is often done on farms, or ad libitum, which i...")
• 00:43, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Chemical analysis (Created page with " In these guidelines only the determination of dry matter content is discussed. Determination of DM is a relatively simple and quick process that can be done easily . The most common way that moisture is determined is through evaporation of water from the feed, leaving only the dry contents behind. However, there are also electronic methods that have been used to determine moisture content of feeds. Dry matter can be determined using: Forced Air Oven, Koster Tester, Micr...")
• 00:36, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Calibration (Created page with "Calibration of a scale is essential to keep measurements accurate. Scales have to be calibrated regulary to make sure that problems in the scales will not have influence on your measurements. How often to calibrate is dependent on multiple factors: manufacturers recommendation, how often the scale is used, the environment the scale is in, and how detailed your observation has to be (Precision Solution Inc., 2018). When calibrating scales for feed it is important to measu...")
• 00:13, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Recording intake indoors and at pasture (Created page with "The minimal requirement for recording individual feed intake is the amount of fresh feed offered and refused per cow per day, with the associated dry matter percentage. Direct measurement of stalled cows is straightforward, but contamination of refused feed by drinking water must be prevented, and stalled cows may not behave in the same way as cows in freestalls. Also, measurement of concentrates is relatively easy, since concentrate are often dispersed in limited and fi...")
• 00:09, 21 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Setting up optimal data recording (Created page with " When starting to collect feed intake records, an important question is how to optimize the “number of gate-days per year” by “number of cows x recording period per cow”? The number of cows can be established by the theoretical prediction from Daetwyler et al. (2008). The actual accuracy obtained with cross validation when records were used within country follows this pattern closely (Figure 2). In this example, empirical accuracies were slightly higher than theo...")
• 23:51, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Feed Intake: Utilizing existing feed intake data (Created page with " Worldwide, there are relatively few designed experiments specifically suited for genetic analysis of feed intake (and related traits). Examples are, the long term experiment at the Scottish Agricultural College (now SRUC) Dairy Research Centre based at Langhill herd, Edinburgh (Pryce et al., 1999, Veerkamp, 1996), the experiment at the Dutch farm ‘t Gen (Lelystad, the Netherlands) (Veerkamp et al., 2000), the data collection at the dairy research farm Karkendamm of th...")
• 23:49, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs moved page Feed Intake: Definitions and Terminology to Feed Intake: Definitions, Terminology, and Scope without leaving a redirect
• 23:47, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs moved page FeedIntake: Definitions and Terminology to Feed Intake: Definitions and Terminology without leaving a redirect
• 23:46, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page Recording Feed Intake for Genetic Evaluation (Created page with "The widespread use of genomic information in dairy cattle breeding programs has presented the opportunity to select for feed intake and feed efficiency. This is because animals from research herds can be used as a reference population to calibrate a genomic prediction equation, which is then used to predict the breeding values for selection candidates based on their own genotype. Phenotypes for feed intake, however, are still an important limiting factor for obtaining hi...")
• 23:46, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page FeedIntake: Definitions and Terminology (Created page with "Table 1 contains a list of important definitions for terms and abbreviations used in Guidelines for Recording Feed Intake for Genetic Evaluation. <center> {|class="wikitable" |+''Table 1. Definitions of Terms used in these guidelines.'' |- !| Term !| Definition |- | DM | Dry matter |- | DMI | Dry matter intake |- | EID | Electronic identification device |- | PMR | Partly...")
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:45:44 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg"
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg
• 16:45, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs uploaded File:FeedIntakeFigure2.jpg
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:32:46 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs uploaded File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs unset approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"
• 16:32, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs deleted page File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:30, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:30:40 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"
• 16:30, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:30, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs uploaded File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:30, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs unset approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"
• 16:30, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs deleted page File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:26, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs set the upload from Sat, 20 Jan 2024 16:26:34 GMT as the approved revision for "File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg"
• 16:26, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs created page File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 16:26, 20 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs uploaded File:FeedIntakeFigure1.jpg
• 19:53, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: Mission results and or abnormal intervals (content was: "== Missing results and/or abnormal intervals == A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording. #When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedur...", and the only contributor was "Rene" (talk))
• 19:53, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Missing results and or abnormal intervals (Created page with "==Missing results and/or abnormal intervals== A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording. #When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedure (or other procedures approved by the ICAR): ##Divide 24 by the interval, then multiply...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:31, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Mission results and or abnormal intervals (Created page with "===Missing results and/or abnormal intervals=== A recorded 24-hour yield is the best estimate of the yield and the constituents of the milk, weighed, sampled and recorded within 24 hours on the day of recording. #When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the recording day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using the following procedure (or other procedures approved by the ICAR): ##Divide 24 by the interval, then multipl...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:27, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Recording method (Created page with "===Recording Method=== The recording method for the herd consists of using five different symbols for: #Responsibility for the practical recording. #Sampling scheme. #Recording interval. #Sampling interval (if different from the above). #Number of milkings per day (especially any deviation from 2x milking). {| class="wikitable" |+Table 2. Symbols for milk recording schemes. |'''Responsibility for recording''' |'''Sampling scheme''' !'''Recording frequency''' |'''Sampling...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:24, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Traits to be recorded (Created page with "===Traits to be recorded=== In official milk recording, the following data have to be recorded, wherever available: #Identification of each cow in the herd, even if they remain in the herd for a very short time. #Birth date, sex, breed and parents of each animal when known. #All services and embryo flushings and transfers: date, recipient, sire, dam of the embryo. #All animal deaths and movements between farms and owners. #Recording dates and locations. #Milk yields for...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:23, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Identification (Created page with "===Identification (ID)=== ====Herd ID==== Each herd in milk recording must be allocated a unique permanent identification number. ====Animal ID==== An official milk recording system must be based on a clearly identifiable and unique animal ID. It is recommended that one identification scheme for the whole country is used. Animal identification must also be in accordance with national and international regulation (e.g. EU member countries with EU legislation - 1760/2000 f...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:17, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Standards and Guidelines for milk recording (Created page with "===Standards and Guidelines for milk recording=== These standards and guidelines for milk recording are valid for all milking systems, including AMS where applicable. ====General Standards and Guidelines for milk recording==== #ICAR-approved (electronic) milk meters and sampling devices must be used on the recording day (see Procedure 1 of Section 11 - Guidelines for Testing, Approval and Checking of Milk Recording Devices). The list of approved milk meters, jars and AMS...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:11, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs deleted page Cattle Milk Recording: References (References are now included in the chapter where referred to. "Rene" (talk))
• 18:17, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: References (Created page with "1.     Bouloc, N., J. Delacroix and V. Dervishi. 2002. Milk recording and automatic milking systems: features and simplification possibilities of recording procedures. Presented at the 33th biennial Session of ICAR, Interlaken, Switzerland, May 26-31, 2002. 2.    Delorenzo, M.A., and G.R.Wiggans. 1986. Factors for estimating daily yield of milk, fat, and protein from a single milking for herds milked twice a day. J Dairy Sci 69; 2386 3.    Everett, R.W., and H.W....") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:03, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Quality control (Created page with "This Section together with other parts of the Guidelines ensure that data from particular animals are linked with the relevant phenotypes, genomic information and environments to the required accuracy and using the best methods. There is a distinction, however, between the accuracy required for official milk recording and breeding value estimations and other relevant official results and data used for managerial purposes. === Bulk tank data comparison === It is a recomm...") Tag: Visual edit
• 17:56, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Decisions (Created page with "As a result of the recording process and reports prepared on the basis of its results, decisions can be made on one or more of the following: === Short term impact: day-to-day management decisions taken on farms === # Decisions about bulk milk quality. # Feeding decisions - daily diet based on group or individual performance. # Pasture management decisions. # Grouping decisions - placing cows in different management or feeding groups. # Culling decisions - decisions o...") Tag: Visual edit
• 17:53, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Reporting (Created page with "This subsection covers reports, data files, statistics and calculated key figures provided to farmers for breeding and management purposes. It is recommended that farmers are given reports after each recording and at the end of the recording year or another longer recording period. These reports should contain data on both cow and herd level. In bigger herds, it is also advisable to present results by management groups or otherwise chosen cow groups within the herd. The...") Tag: Visual edit
• 17:51, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Yield calculations (Created page with "This section covers 24-hour yields and accumulated yields for milk, fat, protein and somatic cells. It also describes the procedure for acceptance of new methods not previously mentioned in the guidelines. The basic requirements for all calculation methods are that rounding shall only take place at the last step of the computation. === Lactation period === ==== Commencement of the lactation period ==== The day that the lactation period, as recorded by the member or ac...") Tag: Visual edit
• 16:57, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Database (Created page with "Storing the recorded data in a milk recording database is an indispensable part of the recording. It is recommended to use the quickest possible means to store the data in the database in order to ensure up-to-date breeding values and management applications. Where computerised data capture is possible, it should not take more than five days after the recording to have the complete recording data set in the database. The application of the Guidelines in Procedure 1 of S...") Tag: Visual edit
• 16:52, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Samples (Created page with "== Representative sample == The milk sample has to represent the complete milking linked to it. This is achieved by mixing the milk thoroughly or pouring it into another vessel right before sampling. Sampling scheme P requires using a pipette for making the sample proportional between different milkings. With sampling scheme E, it is advisable to use a measuring cup to make sure the sample parts actually are equal. Immediately after sampling, the vials have to be pres...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:59, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Recording (Created page with " === Standards and Guidelines for milk recordingeditedit source === These standards and guidelines for milk recording are valid for all milking systems, including AMS where applicable. ==== 6.1.1 General Standards and Guidelines for milk recordingeditedit source ==== # ICAR-approved (electronic) milk meters and sampling devices must be used on the recording day (see Procedure 1 of Section 11 - Guidelines for Testing, Approval and Checking of Milk Recording Devices). Th...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:57, 19 January 2024 Rene talk contribs created page Cattle Milk Recording: Enrolment (Created page with "Enrolment of new herds in the recording process should involve an agreement between the farmer and the recording organisation regarding technical and financial questions such as: # General information about the recording programme itself, i.e. ## Herd and cow identification. ## Scope of recorded data, including database setup as required by the user. ## Scheduling recording. ## Data capture and processing. ## Recording methods and intervals. ## Milk measuring and meters...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:43, 19 January 2024 Bgolden talk contribs moved page Guidelines for Testing, Approval and Checking of Measuring, Recording and Sampling Devices to Testing, Approval and Checking of Measuring, Recording and Sampling Devices